0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE

Chemwatch Independent Material Safety Data Sheet

Issue Date: 11-Jan-2010

NC317ECP

CHEMWATCH 42221

Version No:5

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE

SYNONYMS

"Manufacturer's Code 0890 100 055"

PROPER SHIPPING NAME

AEROSOLS

PRODUCT USE

■ Application is by spray atomisation from a hand held aerosol pack.
Adhesive for light weight materials.

SUPPLIER

Company: Wurth Pty Ltd                
Address:                              
4 Redwood Drive (abn 48 002 487 096)  
Dingley                               
VIC, 3172                             
AUS                                   
Telephone: +61 3 9552 9552            
Telephone: 1800 331 603               
Emergency Tel: 1300 657 765           
Fax: +61 3 9551 2994                  
                                      

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to NOHSC Criteria, and ADG Code.

POISONS SCHEDULE

None

 

RISK SAFETY
■ Extremely flammable. ■ Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking.
■ Irritating to skin. ■ Avoid contact with skin.
■ Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. ■ To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use water and detergent.
■ Toxic to aquatic organisms may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. ■ This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
■ Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. ■ If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or Poisons Information Centre (show this container or label).
■ Use appropriate container to avoid environment contamination.
■ Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/ safety data sheets.
■ This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

 

Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

NAME CAS RN %
naphtha petroleum, light, hydrotreated 64742-49-0. 30-50
naphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised 64742-73-0. 10-20
dimethyl ether 115-10-6 30-50

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

SWALLOWED

· Not considered a normal route of entry.
· Avoid giving milk or oils.
· Avoid giving alcohol.
· If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
· If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
· Observe the patient carefully.
· Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.
· Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
· Seek medical advice.

EYE

■ If aerosols come in contact with the eyes:
· Immediately hold the eyelids apart and flush the eye with fresh running water.
· Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
· Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
· Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN

■ If solids or aerosol mists are deposited upon the skin:
· Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
· Remove any adhering solids with industrial skin cleansing cream.
· DO NOT use solvents.
· Seek medical attention in the event of irritation.

INHALED

■ If aerosols, fumes or combustion products are inhaled:
· Remove to fresh air.
· Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
· Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
· If breathing is shallow or has stopped, ensure clear airway and apply resuscitation, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
· Transport to hospital, or doctor.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN

■ Treat symptomatically.
for lower alkyl ethers:
--------------------------------------------------------------
BASIC TREATMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
· Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary.
· Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary.
· Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min.
· A low-stimulus environment must be maintained.
· Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock.
· Anticipate and treat, where necessary, for seizures.
· DO NOT use emetics. Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml water (5 ml/kg recommended) for dilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong gag reflex and does not drool.
--------------------------------------------------------------
ADVANCED TREATMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
· Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious patient or where respiratory arrest has occurred.
· Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use.
· Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias.
· Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolaemia are present use lactated Ringers solution. Fluid overload might create complications.
· Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary oedema.
· Hypotension without signs of hypovolaemia may require vasopressors.
· Treat seizures with diazepam.
· Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation.
--------------------------------------------------------------
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
· Laboratory analysis of complete blood count, serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, glucose, urinalysis, baseline for serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, may assist in establishing a treatment regime. Other useful analyses include anion and osmolar gaps, arterial blood gases (ABGs), chest radiographs and electrocardiograph.
· Ethers may produce anion gap acidosis. Hyperventilation and bicarbonate therapy might be indicated.
· Haemodialysis might be considered in patients with impaired renal function.
· Consult a toxicologist as necessary.
BRONSTEIN, A.C. and CURRANCE, P.L.
EMERGENCY CARE FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE: 2nd Ed. 1994.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

■ SMALL FIRE:
· Water spray, dry chemical or CO2
LARGE FIRE:
· Water spray or fog.

FIRE FIGHTING

· Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
· May be violently or explosively reactive.
· Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
· Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
· If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.
· Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
· DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
· Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
· If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
· Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
When any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire,
consider evacuation by  100  metres in all directions.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD

· Liquid and vapour are highly flammable.
· Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
· Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air.
· Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark.
· Vapour may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition.
· Heating may cause expansion or decomposition with violent container rupture.
· Aerosol cans may explode on exposure to naked flames.
· Rupturing containers may rocket and scatter burning materials.
· Hazards may not be restricted to pressure effects.
· May emit acrid, poisonous or corrosive fumes.
· On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
Combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.
Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.
May emit clouds of acrid smoke.

FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY

· Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.

HAZCHEM

2YE

Personal Protective Equipment

Gas tight chemical resistant suit.
Limit exposure duration to 1 BA set 30 mins.

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

MINOR SPILLS

· Clean up all spills immediately.
· Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
· Wear protective clothing, impervious gloves and safety glasses.
· Shut off all possible sources of ignition and increase ventilation.
· Wipe up.
· If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from all ignition sources, until 
  pressure has dissipated.
· Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.

MAJOR SPILLS

· Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
· Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
· May be violently or explosively reactive.
· Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
· Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses
· No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
· Increase ventilation.
· Stop leak if safe to do so.
· Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour.
· Absorb or cover spill with sand, earth, inert materials or vermiculite.
· If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from ignition sources, until pressure 
  has dissipated.
· Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.
· Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.

 

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING

· Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
· Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
· Use in a well-ventilated area.
· Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
· DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
· Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
· Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
· When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· DO NOT spray directly on humans, exposed food or food utensils.
· Avoid physical damage to containers.
· Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
· Work clothes should be laundered separately.
· Use good occupational work practice.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
· Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.

SUITABLE CONTAINER

· Aerosol dispenser.
· Check that containers are clearly labelled.

STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY

· Avoid reaction with oxidising agents.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

· Keep dry to avoid corrosion of cans. Corrosion may result in container perforation and internal pressure may eject contents of can.
· Store in original containers in approved flammable liquid storage area.
· DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.
· No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
· Keep containers securely sealed. Contents under pressure.
· Store away from incompatible materials.
· Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.
· Avoid storage at temperatures higher than 40 deg C.
· Store in an upright position.
· Protect containers against physical damage.
· Check regularly for spills and leaks.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE CONTROLS

SourceMaterialTWA ppmTWA mg/m³STEL ppmSTEL mg/m³Notes
_________________________________________________________
Australia Exposure Standardsnaphtha petroleum, light, hydrotreated (Petrol (gasoline))900(see Chapter 16)
Australia Exposure Standardsnaphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised (White spirits)790(see Chapter 16)
Australia Exposure Standardsnaphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised (Petrol (gasoline))900(see Chapter 16)
Australia Exposure Standardsdimethyl ether (Dimethyl ether)400760500950

 

EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS

Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
naphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised 20,000

 

MATERIAL DATA

0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE:
   Not available

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
   ■ Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely allied to that of the USA.
   OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:
   · cause inflammation
   · cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents
   · lead to permanent injury or dysfunction
   · permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and
   · acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of overexposure.
   Odour threshold: 0.25 ppm.
   The TLV-TWA is protective against ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation and is recommended for bulk handling of gasoline based on calculations of hydrocarbon content of gasoline vapour. A STEL is recommended to prevent mucous membrane and ocular irritation and prevention of acute depression of the central nervous system. Because of the wide variation in molecular weights of its components, the conversion of ppm to mg/m3 is approximate. Sweden recommends hexane type limits of 100 ppm and heptane and octane type limits of 300 ppm. Germany does not assign a value because of the widely differing compositions and resultant differences in toxic properties.
   Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
   OSF=0.042 (gasoline).
   REL TWA: 100 ppm (total hydrocarbons)                               [Exxon]

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDRODESULFURISED:
   ■ Odour threshold: 0.25 ppm.
   The TLV-TWA is protective against ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation and is recommended for bulk handling of gasoline based on calculations of hydrocarbon content of gasoline vapour. A STEL is recommended to prevent mucous membrane and ocular irritation and prevention of acute depression of the central nervous system. Because of the wide variation in molecular weights of its components, the conversion of ppm to mg/m3 is approximate. Sweden recommends hexane type limits of 100 ppm and heptane and octane type limits of 300 ppm. Germany does not assign a value because of the widely differing compositions and resultant differences in toxic properties.
   Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
   OSF=0.042 (gasoline).
   For white spirit:
   Low and high odour thresholds of 5.25 and 157.5 mg/m3, respectively, were considered to provide a rather useful index of odour as a warning property.
   The TLV-TWA is calculated from data on the toxicities of the major ingredients and is intended to minimise the potential for irritative and narcotic effects, polyneuropathy and kidney damage produced by vapours.
   The NIOSH (USA) REL-TWA of 60 ppm is the same for all refined petroleum solvents. NIOSH published an occupational "action level" of 350 mg/m3 for exposure to Stoddard solvent, assuming a 10-hour work shift and a 40-hour work-week. The NIOSH-REL ceiling of 1800 mg/m3 was established to protect workers from short-term effects that might produce vertigo or other adverse effects which might increase the risk of occupational accidents. Combined (gross) percutaneous absorption and inhalation exposure (at concentrations associated with nausea) are thought, by some, to be responsible for the development of frank hepatic toxicity and jaundice.
   Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
   OSF=0.042 (white spirit).
   For trimethyl benzene as mixed isomers (of unstated proportions)
   Odour Threshold Value: 2.4 ppm (detection)
   Use care in interpreting effects as a single isomer or other isomer mix. Trimethylbenzene is an eye, nose and respiratory irritant. High concentrations cause central nervous system depression. Exposed workers show CNS changes, asthmatic bronchitis and blood dyscrasias at 60 ppm. The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risk of CNS excitation, asthmatic bronchitis and blood dyscrasias associated with exposures above the limit.
   Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
   OSF=10 (1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE).
   for xylenes:
   IDLH Level: 900 ppm
   Odour Threshold Value: 20 ppm (detection), 40 ppm (recognition)
   NOTE: Detector tubes for o-xylene, measuring in excess of 10 ppm, are available commercially. (m-xylene and p-xylene give almost the same response).
   Xylene vapour is an irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin and causes narcosis at high concentrations. Exposure to doses sufficiently high to produce intoxication and unconsciousness also produces transient liver and kidney toxicity. Neurologic impairment is NOT evident amongst volunteers inhaling up to 400 ppm though complaints of ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation occur at 200 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes.
   Exposure to xylene at or below the recommended TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the risk of irritant effects and to produce neither significant narcosis or chronic injury. An earlier skin notation was deleted because percutaneous absorption is gradual and protracted and does not substantially contribute to the dose received by inhalation.
   Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
   OSF=4 (XYLENE).
   For cumene:
   Odour Threshold Value: 0.008-0.132 ppm (detection), 0.047 ppm (recognition)
   Exposure at or below the TLV-TWA is thought to prevent induction of narcosis.

DIMETHYL ETHER:
   The no-effect-level for dimethyl ether is somewhere between 2000 ppm
   (rabbits) and 50,000 ppm (humans) with possible cardiac sensitisation
   occurring around 200,000 ppm (dogs). The AIHA has adopted a safety factor
   of 100 in respect to the 50,000 ppm level in its recommendation for a
   workplace environmental exposure level (WEEL) which is thought to protect
   against both narcotic and sensitising effects. This level is consistent
   with the TLV-TWA of 400 ppm for diethyl ether and should be easily
   achievable using current technologies. The use of the traditionally
   allowable excursion of 1.25 to the level of 6.25 ppm is felt to be more
   than adequate as an upper safe limit of exposure.
   Human data:
   50,000 ppm (12 mins): Feelings of mild intoxication.
   75,000 ppm (12 mins): As above plus slight lack of attenuation.
   82,000 ppm (12 mins): Some incoordination, slight blurring of vision
              (30 mins): As above plus analgesia of the face and rushing of
                         blood to the face.
   100,000 ppm (10-20 mins): Narcotic symptoms
               (64 mins)   : Sickness (assumed to be nausea)
   144,000 ppm (36 mins):    Unconsciousness

 

PERSONAL PROTECTION

EYE

■ No special equipment for minor exposure i.e. when handling small quantities.

 OTHERWISE: For potentially moderate or heavy exposures:
·  Safety glasses with side shields.
· NOTE: Contact lenses pose a special hazard; soft lenses may absorb irritants and ALL lenses concentrate them.

HANDS/FEET

· No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.
· OTHERWISE:
·  For potentially moderate exposures:
· Wear general protective gloves, eg. light weight rubber gloves.
· For potentially heavy exposures:
· Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC. and safety footwear.

OTHER

■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.
OTHERWISE:
· Overalls.
· Skin cleansing cream.
· Eyewash unit.
· Do not spray on hot surfaces.
· The clothing worn by process operators insulated from earth may develop static charges far higher (up to 100 times) than the minimum ignition energies for various flammable gas-air mixtures. This holds true for a wide range of clothing materials including cotton.
· Avoid dangerous levels of charge by ensuring a low resistivity of the surface material worn outermost.
BRETHERICK: Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards.

RESPIRATOR

■ Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.

Breathing Zone Level ppm (volume) Maximum Protection Factor Half-face Respirator Full-Face Respirator
1000 10 AX-AUS -
1000 50 - AX-AUS
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - AX-2
10000 100 - AX-3
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand. The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required. For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

■ CARE: Use of a quantity of this material in confined space or poorly ventilated area, where rapid build up of concentrated atmosphere may occur, could require increased ventilation and/or protective gear.
General exhaust is adequate under normal conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.

 Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas.

 

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCE

■ Supplied as an aerosol pack. Contents under PRESSURE. Contains highly flammable ether propellant.
Beige liquid spray with a strong solvent odour; does not mix with water. Rapidly evaporates to leave an adhesive film.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Liquid.
Gas.
Does not mix with water.
Floats on water.

 

StateLiquidMolecular WeightNot Applicable
Melting Range (ºC)Not AvailableViscosityNot Available
Boiling Range (ºC)Not AvailableSolubility in water (g/L)Immiscible
Flash Point (ºC)-41 (DME)pH (1% solution)Not Applicable
Decomposition Temp (ºC)Not AvailablepH (as supplied)Not Applicable
Autoignition Temp (ºC)350 (DME)Vapour Pressure (kPa)350 @ 20C
Upper Explosive Limit (%)32.0Specific Gravity (water=1)0.72
Lower Explosive Limit (%)1.4Relative Vapour Density (air=1)Not Available
Volatile Component (%vol)Not AvailableEvaporation RateNot Available

Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION

CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY

· Elevated temperatures.
· Presence of open flame.
· Product is considered stable.
· Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

■ Not normally a hazard due to physical form of product.
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
Ingestion may result in nausea, abdominal irritation, pain and vomiting.

EYE

■ Instillation of isoparaffins into rabbit eyes produces only slight irritation.
Not considered to be a risk because of the extreme volatility of the gas.
Direct eye contact with petroleum hydrocarbons can be painful, and the corneal epithelium may be temporarily damaged. Aromatic species can cause irritation and excessive tear secretion.

SKIN

■ This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.
Spray mist may produce discomfort.
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.

INHALED

■ Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by sleepiness, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of co-ordination, and vertigo.
The vapour is discomforting.
WARNING:Intentional misuse by concentrating/inhaling contents may be lethal.
Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.
Inhalation of high concentrations of gas/vapour causes lung irritation with coughing and nausea, central nervous depression with headache and dizziness, slowing of reflexes, fatigue and inco-ordination.

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

■ Constant or exposure over long periods to mixed hydrocarbons may produce stupor with dizziness, weakness and visual disturbance, weight loss and anaemia, and reduced liver and kidney function. Skin exposure may result in drying and cracking and redness of the skin. Chronic exposure to lighter hydrocarbons can cause nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow dysfunction and psychiatric disorders as well as damage the liver and kidneys.
WARNING: Aerosol containers may present pressure related hazards.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION

■ Not available. Refer to individual constituents.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.

■ Lifetime exposure of rodents to gasoline produces carcinogenicity although the relevance to humans has been questioned. Gasoline induces kidney cancer in male rats as a consequence of accumulation of the alpha2-microglobulin protein in hyaline droplets in the male (but not female) rat kidney. Such abnormal accumulation represents lysosomal overload and leads to chronic renal tubular cell degeneration, accumulation of cell debris, mineralisation of renal medullary tubules and necrosis. A sustained regenerative proliferation occurs in epithelial cells with subsequent neoplastic transformation with continued exposure. The alpha2-microglobulin is produced under the influence of hormonal controls in male rats but not in females and, more importantly, not in humans. The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis. No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search. NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDRODESULFURISED: ■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
■ Lifetime exposure of rodents to gasoline produces carcinogenicity although the relevance to humans has been questioned. Gasoline induces kidney cancer in male rats as a consequence of accumulation of the alpha2-microglobulin protein in hyaline droplets in the male (but not female) rat kidney. Such abnormal accumulation represents lysosomal overload and leads to chronic renal tubular cell degeneration, accumulation of cell debris, mineralisation of renal medullary tubules and necrosis. A sustained regenerative proliferation occurs in epithelial cells with subsequent neoplastic transformation with continued exposure. The alpha2-microglobulin is produced under the influence of hormonal controls in male rats but not in females and, more importantly, not in humans. For trimethylbenzenes: Absorption of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene occurs after oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Occupationally, inhalation and dermal exposures are the most important routes of absorption although systemic intoxication from dermal absorption is not likely to occur due to the dermal irritation caused by the chemical prompting quick removal. Following oral administration of the chemical to rats, 62.6% of the dose was recovered as urinary metabolites indicating substantial absorption . 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is lipophilic and may accumulate in fat and fatty tissues. In the blood stream, approximately 85% of the chemical is bound to red blood cells Metabolism occurs by side-chain oxidation to form alcohols and carboxylic acids which are then conjugated with glucuronic acid, glycine, or sulfates for urinary excretion . After a single oral dose to rats of 1200 mg/kg, urinary metabolites consisted of approximately 43.2% glycine, 6.6% glucuronic, and 12.9% sulfuric acid conjugates . The two principle metabolites excreted by rabbits after oral administration of 438 mg/kg/day for 5 days were 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid . The major routes of excretion of 1,2,4-trimethyl- benzene are exhalation of parent compound and elimination of urinary metabolites. Half-times for urinary metabolites were reported as 9.5 hours for glycine, 22.9 hours for glucuronide, and 37.6 hours for sulfuric acid conjugates. Acute Toxicity Direct contact with liquid 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene is irritating to the skin and breathing the vapor is irritating to the respiratory tract causing pneumonitis. Breathing high concentrations of the chemical vapor causes headache, fatigue, and drowsiness. In humans liquid 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene is irritating to the skin and inhalation of vapor causes chemical pneumonitis . High concentrations of vapor (5000-9000 ppm) cause headache, fatigue, and drowsiness . The concentration of 5000 ppm is roughly equivalent to a total of 221 mg/kg assuming a 30 minute exposure period (see end note 1). 2. Animals - Mice exposed to 8130-9140 ppm 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (no duration given) had loss of righting response and loss of reflexes Direct dermal contact with the chemical (no species given) causes vasodilation, erythema, and irritation (U.S. EPA ). Seven of 10 rats died after an oral dose of 2.5 mL of a mixture of trimethylbenzenes in olive oil (average dose approximately 4.4 g/kg) . Rats and mice were exposed by inhalation to a coal tar distillate containing about 70% 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene; no pathological changes were noted in either species after exposure to 1800-2000 ppm for up to 48 continuous hours, or in rats after 14 exposures of 8 hours each at the same exposure levels . No effects were reported for rats exposed to a mixture of trimethyl- benzenes at 1700 ppm for 10 to 21 days Neurotoxicity 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene depresses the central nervous system. Exposure to solvent mixtures containing the chemical causes headache, fatigue, nervousness, and drowsiness. Occupationally, workers exposed to a solvent containing 50% 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene had nervousness, headaches, drowsiness, and vertigo (U.S. EPA). Headache, fatigue, and drowsiness were reported for workers exposed (no dose given) to paint thinner containing 80% 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzenes Results of the developmental toxicity study indicate that the C9 fraction caused adverse neurological effects at the highest dose (1500 ppm) tested. Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity Long-term exposure to solvents containing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene may cause nervousness, tension, and bronchitis. Painters that worked for several years with a solvent containing 50% 1,2,4- and 30% 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene showed nervousness, tension and anxiety, asthmatic bronchitis, anemia, and alterations in blood clotting; haematological effects may have been due to trace amounts of benzene Rats given 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene orally at doses of 0.5 or 2.0 g/kg/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. All rats exposed to the high dose died and 1 rat in the low dose died (no times given); no other effects were reported. Rats exposed by inhalation to 1700 ppm of a trimethylbenzene isomeric mixture for 4 months had decreased weight gain, lymphopenia and neutrophilia . Genotoxicity: Results of mutagenicity testing, indicate that the C9 fraction does not induce gene mutations in prokaryotes (Salmonella tymphimurium/mammalian microsome assay); or in mammalian cells in culture (in Chinese hamster ovary cells with and without activation). The C9 fraction does not does not induce chromosome mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells with and without activation; does not induce chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by inhalation (6 hours/day for 5 days); and does not induce sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells with and without activation. Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity: A three-generation reproductive study on the C9 fraction was conducted CD rats (30/sex/group) were exposed by inhalation to the C9 fraction at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, or 1500 ppm (0, 100, 500, or 1500 mg/kg/day) for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. There was evidence of parental and reproductive toxicity at all dose levels. Indicators of parental toxicity included reduced body weights, increased salivation, hunched posture, aggressive behavior, and death. Indicators of adverse reproductive system effects included reduced litter size and reduced pup body weight. The LOEL was 100 ppm; a no-observed-effect level was not established Developmental toxicity, including possible develop- mental neurotoxicity, was evident in rats in a 3-generation reproductive study No effects on fecundity or fertility occurred in rats treated dermally with up to 0.3 mL/rat/day of a mixture of trimethyl- benzenes, 4-6 hours/day, 5 days/week over one generation. The High Benzene Naphthas (HBNs) Category was developed for the HPV Program by grouping ethylene manufacturing streams (products) that exhibit commonalities from both manufacturing process and compositional perspectives. intermediates. The category includes hydrocarbon product streams associated with the ethylene industry that contain significant levels of benzene, generally with a benzene content greater than 10% and averaging about 55%. This grouping of CAS numbers represents hydrocarbon streams with a carbon number distribution that is predominantly C5- C11, through components boiling at 350 C or higher.. Benzene, as the predominant component in most streams, is expected to be the key driver with respect to health effects endpoints within the SIDS battery of tests. However, as the concentration of benzene is decreased and the concentrations of other components are increased, the observed effects of benzene are expected to diminish and the effects of other components are expected to increase. The existing epidemiology and toxicology database for the components other than benzene and for mixtures containing the components is extensive. All components present in the streams at concentrations greater than 5% have been tested in at least one toxicity study. Those components having only limited data lack structural alerts for mammalian toxicity and data exist for their structural analogs. The C5 and C6 alkanes and alkenes present in the streams are not expected to significantly contribute to the toxicity profile as these substances are present in the streams at low concentrations and, with the exception of hexane, generally have a low level of toxicity. The toxic effects of hexane (present at < 15%) are unlikely to be observed due to the presence of the other components. Genotoxicity: When tested as pure substances, some of the components other than benzene have caused genetic damage and adverse target organ effects in repeated-dose animal studies. When tested as pure substances, some of the components other than benzene have caused genetic damage and adverse target organ effects in repeated-dose animal studies. However, since the biologically active components of the High Benzene Naphthas streams are metabolized through a common P450 metabolic pathway, it is anticipated that multiple components will compete for the same active enzyme sites. Component toxicities, which are dependent on the formation of biologically active metabolites, may be reduced as less metabolite(s) will be produced through competition for these sites. Direct support for reduction or elimination of toxicities of individual components is provided by results of an existing mouse bone marrow micronucleus test with one of the High Benzene Naphthas streams, Hydrotreated C6-8 Fraction. This stream, containing approximately 55% benzene, was negative in a mouse bone marrow micronucleus test when administered by oral gavage at 5000 mg/kg to male and female CD-1 mice. Several studies have shown that benzene administered orally to CD-1 mice induces high frequencies of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes at doses as low as 110 mg/kg . The presence in the Hydrotreated C6-8 Fraction of other components (approximately 25% toluene, 10% xylene, 7% pentane, 7% ethylbenzene, 3% cyclohexane, and 2% hexane) apparently inhibited the expected clastogenicity of benzene. Other similar interactions between components of the category have also been reported. Repeat dose toxicity: Repeated oral or inhalation exposures to many of the components of the streams in the category have been shown to cause adverse health effects in a variety of organs. However, existing data also show that antagonistic and synergistic interactions occur between some components comprising the streams. Developmental toxicity: Developmental toxicity data exist for most components present in this category at concentrations greater than 5% . In these studies, no convincing evidence was seen for teratogenicity in the absence of maternal toxicity. Foetotoxicity has been reported for some components, but mostly in the presence of maternal toxicity. A Pyrolysis Gasoline Fraction stream similar to the Pyrolysis Gasoline streams in the HBNs Category has been tested in an oral developmental toxicity study in rabbits. No developmental effects were seen. Reproductive toxicity: Some data for benzene indicates adverse gonadal effects (e.g., atrophy/degeneration, decrease in spermatozoa, moderate increases in abnormal sperm forms), data on reproductive outcomes are either inconclusive or conflicting. However, most studies indicate no effects on reproductive indices, even at high doses. Reproductive organ effects were seen after inhalation exposure to isoprene and hexane. Gene Mutation: Of the identified category components present at concentrations greater than 5%, only 1,3-butadiene and benzene have consistently caused gene mutations in genetic toxicity tests . 1,3- Butadiene was positive in several in vivo and in vitro tests. Benzene was negative in several standard tests but was positive in an in vivo HPRT gene mutation test in mouse spleenocytes. Based on the data for components, the streams in the category are predicted to be negative in the HPV gene mutation test (Ames Test). Negative Ames Tests conducted with two streams (one from this category and one similar to category streams) support this prediction Chromosome Aberration:: Benzene has caused chromosome aberrations in in vitro and in vivo tests. The other most prevalent component in streams in this category, toluene, is negative in both in vitro and in vivo tests. Of the remaining identified category components present at concentrations greater than 5%, only vinyl acetate, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, hexane, and naphthalene have been reported to cause chromosome aberrations. DIMETHYL ETHER: ■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 308000 mg/m³ Nil Reported

 

CARCINOGEN

Gasoline (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other relevant data)International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC MonographsGroup2B
Petroleum solventsInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC MonographsGroup3
Crude oilInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC MonographsGroup3

 

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDRODESULFURISED:
NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
■ Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment wash-waters.
Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDRODESULFURISED:
0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE:
■ DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE:
■ Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

0890 100 055 - WURTH SPRAY ADHESIVE:
Marine Pollutant:  Not Determined

■ WGK: Classification in accordance with German Water Resources Act.
Water hazard class 1 (self-assessment): slightly hazardous to water.
[Wurth]

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDROTREATED:
■ For hydrocarbons:
Environmental fate:
The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals.
Some hydrocarbon will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions (isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process.
Under aerobic conditions hydrocarbons degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while under anaerobic processes they produce water, methane and carbon dioxide.
Alkenes have low log octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of about 1 and estimated bioconcentration factors (BCF) of about 10; aromatics have intermediate values (log Kow values of 2-3 and BCF values of 20-200), while C5 and greater alkanes have fairly high values (log Kow values of about 3-4.5 and BCF values of 100-1,500
The estimated volatilisation half-lives for alkanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) components were predicted as 7 days in ponds, 1.5 days in rivers, and 6 days in lakes. The volatilisation rate of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives were estimated to be slower
Indigenous microbes found in many natural settings (e.g., soils, groundwater, ponds) have been shown to be capable of degrading organic compounds. Unlike other fate processes that disperse contaminants in the environment, biodegradation can eliminate the contaminants without transferring them across media.
The final products of microbial degradation are carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation depends on the chemical composition of the product released to the environment as well as site-specific environmental factors. Generally the straight chain hydrocarbons and the aromatics are degraded more readily than the highly branched aliphatic compounds. The n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and the aromatics in the C10-C22 range are the most readily biodegradable; n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics in the C5-C9 range are biodegradable at low concentrations by some microorganisms, but are generally preferentially removed by volatilisation and thus are unavailable in most environments; n-alkanes in the C1-C4 ranges are biodegradable only by a narrow range of specialised hydrocarbon degraders; and n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics above C22 are generally not available to degrading microorganisms. Hydrocarbons with condensed ring structures, such as PAHs with four or more rings, have been shown to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. In almost all cases, the presence of oxygen is essential for effective biodegradation of oil. The ideal pH range to promote biodegradation is close to neutral (6-8). For most species, the optimal pH is slightly alkaline, that is, greater than 7.
All biological transformations are affected by temperature. Generally, as the temperature increases, biological activity tends to increase up to a temperature where enzyme denaturation occurs.
Atmospheric fate: Alkanes, isoalkanes, and cycloalkanes have half-lives on the order of 1-10 days, whereas alkenes, cycloalkenes, and substituted benzenes have half-lives of 1 day or less. Photochemical oxidation products include aldehydes, hydroxy compounds, nitro compounds, and peroxyacyl nitrates. Alkenes, certain substituted aromatics, and naphthalene are potentially susceptible to direct photolysis.
Ecotoxicity:
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic (high log Kow and low water solubility). Such substances produce toxicity in aquatic organisms by a mechanism referred to as "non-polar narcosis" or "baseline" toxicity . The hydrophobicity increases and water solubility decreases with increasing carbon number for a particular class of hydrocarbon. Substances with the same carbon number show increased hydrophobicity and decreased solubility with increasing saturation. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR), relating both solubility and toxicity to Kow predict that the water solubility of single chemical substances decreases more rapidly with increasing Kow than does the acute toxicity
Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods.
The values of log Kow for individual hydrocarbons increase with increasing carbon number within homologous series of generic types. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR), relating log Kow values of single hydrocarbons to toxicity, show that water solubility decreases more rapidly with increasing Kow than does the concentration causing effects. This relationship varies somewhat with species of hydrocarbon, but it follows that there is a log Kow limit for hydrocarbons, above which, they will not exhibit acute toxicity; this limit is at a log Kow value of about 4 to 5. It has been confirmed experimentally that for fish and invertebrates, paraffinic hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 10 or higher (log Kow >5) show no acute toxicity and that alkylbenzenes with a carbon number of 14 or greater (log Kow >5) similarly show no acute toxicity.
 QSAR equations for chronic toxicity also suggest that there should be a point where hydrocarbons with high log Kow values become so insoluble in water that they will not cause chronic toxicity, that is, that there is also a solubility cut-off for chronic toxicity. Thus, paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of greater than 14 (log Kow >7.3) should show no measurable chronic toxicity. Experimental support for this cut-off is demonstrated by chronic toxicity studies on lubricant base oils  and one “heavy” solvent grade  (substances composed of paraffins of C20 and greater) which show no effects after exposures to concentrations well above solubility.
The initial criteria for classification of substances as dangerous to the aquatic environment are based upon acute toxicity data in fish, daphnids and algae. However, for substances that have low solubility and show no acute toxicity, the possibility of a long-term or chronic hazard to the environment is recognised in the R53 phrase or so-called "safety net."  The R53 assignment for possible long-term harm is a surrogate for chronic toxicity test results and is triggered by substances that are both bioaccumulative and persistent. The indicators of bioaccumulation and persistence are taken as a BCF > 100 (or log Kow > 3 if no BCF data) and lack of ready biodegradability. For low solubility substances which have direct chronic toxicity data demonstrating no chronic toxicity at 1 mg/L or higher, these data take precedence such that no classification for long term toxicity is required..
■ Drinking Water Standards: hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.).
■ For petroleum derivatives:
Chemical analysis for all individual compounds in a petroleum bulk product released to the environment is generally unrealistic due to the complexity of these mixtures and the laboratory expense. Determining the chemical composition of a petroleum release is further complicated by hydrodynamic, abiotic, and biotic processes that act on the release to change the chemical character.
The longer the release is exposed to the environment, the greater the change in chemical character and the harder it is to obtain accurate analytical results reflecting the identity of the release. After extensive weathering, detailed knowledge of the original bulk product is often less valuable than current site-specific information on a more focused set of hydrocarbon components. Health assessment efforts are frequently frustrated by three primary problems: (1) the inability to identify and quantify the individual compounds released to the environment as a consequence of a petroleum spill; (2) the lack of information characterizing the fate of the individual compounds in petroleum mixtures; and (3) the lack of specific health guidance values for the majority of chemicals present in petroleum products. To define the public health implications associated with exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of petroleum properties, compositions, and the physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological properties of the compounds most often identified as the key chemicals of concern.
Environmental fate:
Petroleum products released to the environment migrate through soil via two general pathways: (1) as bulk oil flow infiltrating the soil under the forces of gravity and capillary action, and (2) as individual compounds separating from the bulk petroleum mixture and dissolving in air or water. When bulk oil flow occurs, it results in little or no separation of the individual compounds from the product mixture and the infiltration rate is usually fast relative to the dissolution rate. Many compounds that are insoluble and immobile in water are soluble in bulk oil and will migrate along with the bulk oil flow. Factors affecting the rate of bulk oil infiltration include soil moisture content, vegetation, terrain, climate, rate of release (e.g., catastrophic versus slow leakage), soil particle size (e.g., sand versus clay), and oil viscosity (e.g., gasoline versus motor oil).
As bulk oil migrates through the soil column, a small amount of the product mass is retained by soil particles. The bulk product retained by the soil particles is known as "residual saturation".
Depending upon the persistence of the bulk oil, residual saturation can potentially reside in the soil for years. Residual saturation is important as it determines the degree of soil contamination and can act as a continuing source of contamination for individual compounds to separate from the bulk product and migrate independently in air or groundwater. Residual saturation is important as it determines the degree of soil contamination and can act as a continuing source of contamination for individual compounds to separate from the bulk product and migrate independently in air or groundwater. When the amount of product released to the environment is small relative to the volume of available soil, all of the product is converted to residual saturation and downward migration of the bulk product usually ceases prior to affecting groundwater resources. Adverse impacts to groundwater may still occur if rain water infiltrates through soil containing residual saturation and initiates the downward migration of individual compounds. When the amount of product released is large relative to the volume of available soil, the downward migration of bulk product ceases as water-saturated pore spaces are encountered. If the density of the bulk product is less than that of water, the product tends to "float" along the interface between the water saturated and unsaturated zones and spread horizontally in a pancake-like layer, usually in the direction of groundwater flow. Almost all motor and heating oils are less dense than water. If the density of the bulk product is greater than that of water, the product will continue to migrate downward through the water table aquifer under the continued influence of gravity. Downward migration ceases when the product is converted to residual saturation or when an impermeable surface is encountered.
As the bulk product migrates through the soil column, individual compounds may separate from the mixture and migrate independently. Chemical transport properties such as volatility, solubility, and sorption potential are often used to evaluate and predict which compounds will likely separate from the mixture. Since petroleum products are complex mixtures of hundreds of compounds, the compounds characterized by relatively high vapor pressures tend to volatilise and enter the vapor phase. The exact composition of these vapors depends on the composition of the original product. Using gasoline as an example, compounds such as butane, propane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene are preferentially volatilised. Because volatility represents transfer of the compound from the product or liquid phase to the air phase, it is expected that the concentration of that compound in the product or liquid phase will decrease as the concentration in the air phase increases.
In general, compounds having a vapor pressure in excess of 10-2 mm Hg are more likely to be present in the air phase than in the liquid phase. Compounds characterized by vapor pressures less than 10-7 mm Hg are more likely to be associated with the liquid phase. Compounds possessing vapor pressures that are less than 10-2 mm Hg, but greater than 10-7 mm Hg, will have a tendency to exist in both the air and the liquid phases.
Lighter petroleum products such as gasoline contain constituents with higher water solubility and volatility and lower sorption potential than heavier petroleum products such as fuel oil.
Data compiled from gasoline spills and laboratory studies indicate that these light-fraction hydrocarbons tend to migrate readily through soil, potentially threatening or affecting groundwater supplies. In contrast, petroleum products with heavier molecular weight constituents, such as fuel oil, are generally more persistent in soils, due to their relatively low water solubility and volatility and high sorption capacity. Solubility generally decreases with increasing molecular weight of the hydrocarbon compounds. For compounds having similar molecular weights, the aromatic hydrocarbons are more water soluble and mobile in water than the aliphatic hydrocarbons and branched aliphatics are less water-soluble than straight-chained aliphatics. Aromatic compounds in petroleum fuels may comprise as much as 50% by weight; aromatic compounds in the C6-C13, range made up approximately 95% of the compounds dissolved in water.
Indigenous microbes found in many natural settings (e.g., soils, groundwater, ponds) have been shown to be capable of degrading organic compounds. Unlike other fate processes that disperse contaminants in the environment, biodegradation can eliminate the contaminants without transferring them across media.
The final products of microbial degradation are carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation depends on the chemical composition of the product released to the environment as well as site-specific environmental factors. Generally the straight chain hydrocarbons and the aromatics are degraded more readily than the highly branched aliphatic compounds. The n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and the aromatics in the C10-C22 range are the most readily biodegradable; n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics in the C5-C9 range are biodegradable at low concentrations by some microorganisms, but are generally preferentially removed by volatilisation and thus are unavailable in most environments; n-alkanes in the C1-C4 ranges are biodegradable only by a narrow range of specialized hydrocarbon degraders; and n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics above C22 are generally not available to degrading microorganisms. Hydrocarbons with condensed ring structures, such as PAHs with four or more rings, have been shown to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. A large proportion of the water-soluble fraction of the petroleum product may be degraded as the compounds go into solution. As a result, the remaining product may become enriched in the alicyclics, the highly branched aliphatics, and PAHs with many fused rings.
In almost all cases, the presence of oxygen is essential for effective biodegradation of oil. Anaerobic decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons leads to extremely low rates of degradation. The ideal pH range to promote biodegradation is close to neutral (6-8). For most species, the optimal pH is slightly alkaline, that is, greater than 7. The moisture content of the contaminated soil will affect biodegradation of oils due to dissolution of the residual compounds, dispersive actions, and the need for microbial metabolism to sustain high activity. The moisture content in soil affects microbial locomotion, solute diffusion, substrate supply, and the removal of metabolic by-products. Biodegradation rates in soils are also affected by the volume of product released to the environment. At concentrations of 0.5% of oil by volume, the degradation rate in soil is fairly independent of oil concentrations. However, as oil concentration rises, the first order degradation rate decreases and the oil degradation half-life increases. Ultimately, when the oil reaches saturation conditions in the soil (i.e., 30-50% oil), biodegradation virtually ceases.
Excessive moisture will limit the gaseous supply of oxygen for enhanced decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. Most studies indicate that optimum moisture content is within 50-70% of the water holding capacity.
All biological transformations are affected by temperature. Generally, as the temperature increases, biological activity tends to increase up to a temperature where enzyme denaturation occurs. The presence of oil should increase soil temperature, particularly at the surface. The darker color increases the heat capacity by adsorbing more radiation. The optimal temperature for biodegradation to occur ranges from 18 C to 30 C. Minimum rates would be expected at 5 C or lower.

NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, LIGHT, HYDRODESULFURISED:
■ Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
■ For High Benzene Naphthas (HBNs) category:
Environmental fate:
The chemical components in HBNs are relatively volatile, and if released they would be expected to partition to the air phase to a significant extent. In the air, they are subject to rapid physical degradation through hydroxyl radical attack. Therefore, as a result of both biological and physical degradation processes, these products are not expected to persist in the environment
Read across biodegradation data show that products in the HBNs have the potential to exhibit a high extent of biodegradability. The carbon number of products in this category ranges primarily between C5 to C11. Results for several chemicals, including benzene, with carbon numbers in this range that are contained by these products have been shown to biodegrade from 63 to 100% after 14 or 28 days, while results for several comparable, complex products containing several components range from 21 to 96% after 28 days.
Hydrocarbons are not expected to hydrolyse at a measurable rate.
Ecotoxicity:
Read across aquatic toxicity data show that HBNs have the potential to produce a moderate level of toxicity in freshwater algae and acute toxicity in freshwater fish and invertebrates. The aquatic toxicity data  fall within a narrow range of values regardless of their varying chemical class content and carbon number range. This is not unexpected, because the constituent chemicals of products in this category are neutral organic hydrocarbons whose toxic mode of action is non-polar narcosis. The mechanism of short-term toxicity for these chemicals is disruption of biological membrane function. The existing fish toxicity database for narcotic chemicals supports a critical body residue (CBR, the internal concentration that causes mortality) of between approximately 2-8 mmol/kg fish (wet weight) , supporting the assessment that these chemicals have equal potencies. When normalized to lipid content, the CBR is approximately 50 umol of hydrocarbon/g of lipid for most organisms . Because the products in this category are all complex mixtures containing relatively similar series of homologous chemicals, their short-term toxicities are expected to fall within the range of toxicity demonstrated by the individual chemicals.
The fish and invertebrate acute and alga toxicity values for individual chemicals and complex products similar to those in this category  fall within a range of approximately 1-64 mg/L and overlap between the three trophic levels. Because HBNs will range in paraffin, alkene, and/or aromatic carbon number content within approximately C5 to C11, a range in toxicity for products in this category is expected. Experimental data, this category will exhibit a moderate range of acute toxicity to fish and invertebrates and a moderate range of toxicity to algae. For representative chemicals and products, experimental acute fish toxicity values range between 2.5 to 46 mg/L for two species while acute invertebrate toxicity values range between 0.9 to 32 mg/L for one species . In comparison, alga toxicity values for one species range between 1.0 to 64 mg/L (for biomass and growth rate endpoints), while alga NOELR values range between 1.0 to 51 mg/L (for biomass or growth rate endpoints).
■ For 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene:
Half-life (hr) air  : 0.48-16
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water  : 0.24-672
Half-life (hr) H2O ground  : 336-1344
Half-life (hr) soil  : 168-672
Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 385-627
Bioaccumulation  : not significant
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is a volatile organic compound (VOC) substance. As a VOC, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene can contribute to the formation of photochemical smog in the presence of other VOCs.
Environmental fate:
Transport: ,1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene volatilises rapidly from surface waters as predicted by a Henry's law constant of 5.18 x 10-3 (vapor pressure, 2.03 mm Hg). The volatilisation half-life from a model river is calculated to be 3.4 hours. The chemical also volatilises from soils, however, based on an estimated Koc of 472, moderate adsorption to soils and sediments may occur
Transformation/Persistence
Air - Degradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the atmosphere occurs by reaction with hydroxyl radicals  Reaction also occurs with ozone but very slowly (half life, 8820 days) In the atmosphere, two estimates of the half-life are approximately 6 hours and, in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, 0.5 days
Soil - Volatilisation is the major route of removal of 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene from soils; although, biodegradation may also occur  Due to the high volatility of the chemical it is unlikely to accumulate in soil or surface water to toxic concentrations
Water - Because of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene's water solubility and its vapor pressure of 2.03 mm Hg, the chemical will rapidly volatilise from surface waters Biodegradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene occurred with inoculums from both seawater and ground water  Various strains of Pseudomonas can biodegrade 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
Biota - The estimated bioconcentration factor (439) and high volatility of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene indicates that bioaccumulation of the chemical will not be significant
Ecotoxicity:
Fish LC50 (96 h): fathead minnow 7.72 mg/l
No stress was observed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout, fingerling) or Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey, larvae) at 5 mg/L for 24 hours
 Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h): 3.61 mg/l
Cancer magister (dungeness crab) LC50 996 h): 5.1 mg/l
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms; acute toxicity values fall within the range of greater than 1 mg/L and 100 mg/L. LC50 values for specific aquatic organisms range from approximately 5 to 8 mg/L which is orders of magnitude greater than any measured concentration in seawater (0.002 - 0.54 microgram/L) The high concentrations required to induce toxicity in laboratory animals are not likely to be reached in the environment.
■ For xylenes :
log Koc  : 2.05-3.08
Koc  : 25.4-204
Half-life (hr) air  : 0.24-42
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water  : 24-672
Half-life (hr) H2O ground  : 336-8640
Half-life (hr) soil  : 52-672
Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 637-879
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 7.68E-03
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.4,1%
COD  : 2.56,13%
ThOD  : 3.125
BCF  : 23
log BCF  : 1.17-2.41
Environmental Fate
Terrestrial fate:: Measured Koc values of 166 and 182, indicate that 3-xylene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of p-xylene is expected to be important from moist soil surfaces given a measured Henry's Law constant of 7.18x10-3 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilisation of 3-xylene from dry soil surfaces may exist based on a measured vapor pressure of 8.29 mm Hg. p-Xylene may be degraded during its passage through soil). The extent of the degradation is expected to depend on its concentration, residence time in the soil, the nature of the soil, and whether resident microbial populations have been acclimated. p-Xylene, present in soil samples contaminated with jet fuel, was completely degraded aerobically within 5 days. In aquifer studies under anaerobic conditions, p-xylene was degraded, usually within several weeks, with the production of 3-methylbenzylfumaric acid, 3-methylbenzylsuccinic acid, 3-methylbenzoate, and 3-methylbenzaldehyde as metabolites.
Aquatic fate: Koc values indicate that p-xylene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. p-Xylene is expected to volatilise from water surfaces based on the measured Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. BCF values of 14.8, 23.4, and 6, measured in goldfish, eels, and clams, respectively, indicate that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. p-Xylene in water with added humic substances was 50% degraded following 3 hours irradiation suggesting that indirect photooxidation in the presence of humic acids may play an important role in the abiotic degradation of p-xylene. Although p-xylene is biodegradable and has been observed to degrade in pond water, there are insufficient data to assess the rate of this process in surface waters. p-Xylene has been observed to degrade in anaerobic and aerobic groundwater in several studies; however, it is known to persist for many years in groundwater, at least at sites where the concentration might have been quite high.
Atmospheric fate:
Most xylenes released to the environment will occur in the atmosphere and volatilisation is the dominant environmental fate process. In the ambient atmosphere, xylenes are expected to exist solely in the vapour phase. Xylenes are degraded in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with an estimated atmospheric lifetime of about 0.5 to 2 days. Xylenes' susceptibility to photochemical oxidation in the troposphere is to the extent that they may contribute to photochemical smog formation.
According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and from its vapour pressure, p-xylene, is expected to exist solely as a vapour in the ambient atmosphere. Vapour-phase p-xylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 16 hours. A half-life of 1.0 hr in summer and 10 hr in winter was measured for the reaction of p-xylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. p-Xylene has a moderately high photochemical reactivity under smog conditions, higher than the other xylene isomers, with loss rates varying from 9-42% per hr. The photooxidation of p-xylene results in the production of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-methylbenzylnitrate, m-tolualdehyde, 4-nitro-3-xylene, 5-nitro-3-xylene, 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 6-nitro-2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.
Ecotoxicity:
for xylenes
Fish LC50 (96 h) Pimephales promelas 13.4 mg/l; Oncorhyncus mykiss 8.05 mg/l; Lepomis macrochirus 16.1 mg/l (all flow through values); Pimephales promelas 26.7 (static)
Daphnia EC50 948 h): 3.83 mg/l
Photobacterium phosphoreum EC50 (24 h): 0.0084 mg/l
Gammarus lacustris LC50 (48 h): 0.6 mg/l.

DIMETHYL ETHER:
■ Water solubility (g/l):   35300
■ log Kow (Sangster 1997):  0.1

log Kow: 0.1-0.12
Koc: 14
Half-life (hr) air: 528
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 2.6-30
Henry's atm m³ /mol: 9.78E-04
BCF: 1.7
Bioaccumulation: not sig
processes Abiotic: RxnOH*

Ecotoxicity

IngredientPersistence: Water/SoilPersistence: AirBioaccumulationMobility
dimethyl etherLOWLOWHIGH

 

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

· DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
· It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
· In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
· Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
· Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
· Discharge contents of damaged aerosol cans at an approved site.
· Allow small quantities to evaporate.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· Bury residues and emptied aerosol cans at an approved site.

Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

Labels Required: FLAMMABLE GAS

HAZCHEM:

	  2YE  (ADG7)

ADG7:

Class or division: 2 Subsidiary risk: None
UN No.: 1950 UN packing group: None
Special provisions: 63; 190; 277; 327; 344 Packing Instructions: None
Notes: None Limited quantities: See SP 277
Portable tanks and bulk containers - Instructions: None Portable tanks and bulk containers - Special provisions: None
Packagings and IBCs - Packing instruction: P003; LP02 Packagings and IBCs - Special packing provisions: PP17, PP87, L2
Shipping Name:AEROSOLS

Land Transport UNDG:

Class or division: 2 Subsidiary risk: None
UN No.: 1950 UN packing group: None
Shipping Name:AEROSOLS

Air Transport IATA:

ICAO/IATA Class: 2.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1950 Packing Group: -
Special provisions: A145
Shipping Name: AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE

Maritime Transport IMDG:

IMDG Class: 2.1 IMDG Subrisk: SP63
UN Number: 1950 Packing Group: None
EMS Number: F-D,S-U Special provisions: 63 190 277 327 959
Limited Quantities: See SP277 Marine Pollutant: Not Determined
Shipping Name: AEROSOLS

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

POISONS SCHEDULE

None

REGULATIONS

Regulations for ingredients

naphtha petroleum, light, hydrotreated (CAS: 64742-49-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;

"Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

naphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised (CAS: 64742-73-0,8052-41-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;

"Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

dimethyl ether (CAS: 115-10-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;

"Australia Exposure Standards","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

No data for 0890 100 055 - Wurth Spray Adhesive (CW: 42221)

Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERS

Ingredient Name CAS
naphtha petroleum, light, hydrodesulfurised 64742-73-0, 8052-41-3

 

■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.

 

■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

 

This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

 

Issue Date: 11-Jan-2010

Print Date: 27-Jan-2010

 

 

This is the end of the MSDS.