0890 100 63 - WURTH B+S REMOVER 400ML
Chemwatch Independent Material Safety Data Sheet
Issue Date: 6-Jan-2010
NC317ECP
CHEMWATCH 4719-85
Version No:5
0890 100 63 - WURTH B+S REMOVER 400ML
"Manufacturer's Code: 0890 100 63"
AEROSOLS
■ Application is by spray atomisation from a hand held aerosol pack.
Used according to manufacturer's directions.
Company: Wurth Pty Ltd
Address:
4 Redwood Drive (abn 48 002 487 096)
Dingley
VIC, 3172
AUS
Telephone: +61 3 9552 9552
Telephone: 1800 331 603
Emergency Tel: 1300 657 765
Fax: +61 3 9551 2994
DANGEROUS GOODS. NON-HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. According to NOHSC Criteria, and ADG Code.
None
| RISK | SAFETY |
| ■ Extremely flammable. | ■ Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking. |
| ■ Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. | ■ This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. |
| ■ Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and cracking. | |
| ■ Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. |
| NAME | CAS RN | % |
| naphtha petroleum, heavy, hydrotreated | 64742-48-9. | >50 |
| propellant, as | ||
| carbon dioxide | 124-38-9 | 1-5 |
· Avoid giving milk or oils.
· Avoid giving alcohol.
· Not considered a normal route of entry.
· If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
· If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
· Observe the patient carefully.
· Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.
· Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
· Seek medical advice.
■ If aerosols come in contact with the eyes:
· Immediately hold the eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously for at least 15 minutes with fresh running water.
· Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
· Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
· Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
■ If solids or aerosol mists are deposited upon the skin:
· Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
· Remove any adhering solids with industrial skin cleansing cream.
· DO NOT use solvents.
· Seek medical attention in the event of irritation.
■ If aerosols, fumes or combustion products are inhaled:
· Remove to fresh air.
· Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
· Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
· If breathing is shallow or has stopped, ensure clear airway and apply resuscitation, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
· Transport to hospital, or doctor.
■ For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related hydrocarbons: · Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure. · Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated. · Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance. · A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax. · Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g. Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice. · Lavage is indicated in patients who require decontamination; ensure use of cuffed endotracheal tube in adult patients. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]. Treat symptomatically.
■ SMALL FIRE: · Water spray, dry chemical or CO2 LARGE FIRE: · Water spray or fog.
· Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. · May be violently or explosively reactive. · Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. · Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. · If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed. · Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. · DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. · Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. · If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. · Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use. When any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire, consider evacuation by 100 metres in all directions.
· Liquid and vapour are highly flammable. · Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. · Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air. · Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark. · Vapour may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition. · Heating may cause expansion or decomposition with violent container rupture. · Aerosol cans may explode on exposure to naked flames. · Rupturing containers may rocket and scatter burning materials. · Hazards may not be restricted to pressure effects. · May emit acrid, poisonous or corrosive fumes. · On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO). Combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material. Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.
· Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.
2YE
Gas tight chemical resistant suit.
· Clean up all spills immediately. · Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. · Wear protective clothing, impervious gloves and safety glasses. · Shut off all possible sources of ignition and increase ventilation. · Wipe up. · If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from all ignition sources, until pressure has dissipated. · Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.
· Clear area of personnel and move upwind. · Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. · May be violently or explosively reactive. · Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. · Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses · No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. · Increase ventilation. · Stop leak if safe to do so. · Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour. · Absorb or cover spill with sand, earth, inert materials or vermiculite. · If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from ignition sources, until pressure has dissipated. · Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely. · Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
· Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
· Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
· Use in a well-ventilated area.
· Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
· DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
· Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
· Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
· When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· DO NOT spray directly on humans, exposed food or food utensils.
· Avoid physical damage to containers.
· Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
· Work clothes should be laundered separately.
· Use good occupational work practice.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
· Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
· Aerosol dispenser.
· Check that containers are clearly labelled.
· Avoid reaction with oxidising agents.
· Keep dry to avoid corrosion of cans. Corrosion may result in container perforation and internal pressure may eject contents of can.
· Store in original containers in approved flammable liquid storage area.
· DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.
· No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
· Keep containers securely sealed. Contents under pressure.
· Store away from incompatible materials.
· Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.
· Avoid storage at temperatures higher than 40 deg C.
· Store in an upright position.
· Protect containers against physical damage.
· Check regularly for spills and leaks.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
| Source | Material | TWA ppm | TWA mg/m³ | STEL ppm | STEL mg/m³ | Notes |
| ___________ | ___________ | _______ | _______ | _______ | _______ | _______ |
| Australia Exposure Standards | naphtha petroleum, heavy, hydrotreated (Petrol (gasoline)) | 900 | (see Chapter 16) | |||
| Australia Exposure Standards | carbon dioxide (Carbon dioxide in coal mines) | 12500 | 22500 | 30000 | 54000 | |
| Australia Exposure Standards | carbon dioxide (Carbon dioxide) | 5000 | 9000 | 30000 | 54000 |
| Material | Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) | Revised IDLH Value (ppm) |
| carbon dioxide | 40,000 |
0890 100 63 - WURTH B+S REMOVER 400ML: Not available NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, HEAVY, HYDROTREATED: ■ Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely allied to that of the USA. OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can: · cause inflammation · cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents · lead to permanent injury or dysfunction · permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and · acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of overexposure. Odour threshold: 0.25 ppm. The TLV-TWA is protective against ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation and is recommended for bulk handling of gasoline based on calculations of hydrocarbon content of gasoline vapour. A STEL is recommended to prevent mucous membrane and ocular irritation and prevention of acute depression of the central nervous system. Because of the wide variation in molecular weights of its components, the conversion of ppm to mg/m3 is approximate. Sweden recommends hexane type limits of 100 ppm and heptane and octane type limits of 300 ppm. Germany does not assign a value because of the widely differing compositions and resultant differences in toxic properties. Odour Safety Factor (OSF) OSF=0.042 (gasoline). REL TWA: 300 ppm [EXXON] as VM & P naphtha TLV TWA: 300 ppm, 1370 mg/m3 CARBON DIOXIDE: ■ May act as a simple asphyxiants; these are gases which, when present in high concentrations, reduce the oxygen content in air below that required to support breathing, consciousness and life; loss of consciousness, with death by suffocation may rapidly occur in an oxygen deficient atmosphere. CARE: Most simple asphyxiants are odourless or possess low odour and there is no warning on entry into an oxygen deficient atmosphere. If there is any doubt, oxygen content can be checked simply and quickly. It may not be appropriate to only recommend an exposure standard for simple asphyxiants rather it is essential that sufficient oxygen be maintained. Air normally has 21 percent oxygen by volume, with 18 percent regarded as minimum under normal atmospheric pressure to maintain consciousness / life. At pressures significantly higher or lower than normal atmospheric pressure, expert guidance should be sought. For carbon dioxide: NOTE: Detector tubes for carbon dioxide, measuring in excess of 0.01 % vol.,are commercially available. Long-term measurements (4 hrs) may be conducted to detect concentrations exceeding 250 ppm. Studies using physically fit males in confined spaces indicate the TLV-TWA and STEL provides a wide margin of safety against asphyxiation and from undue metabolic stress, provided normal amounts of oxygen are present in inhaled air. Lowered oxygen content, increased physical activity and prolonged exposures each impact on systemic and respiratory effects. Stimulation of the respiratory centre is produced at 50,000 ppm (5%). The gas is weakly narcotic at 30,000 ppm giving rise to reduced acuity of hearing and increasing blood pressure and pulse, Persons exposed a 20,000 ppm for several hours developed headaches and dyspnea on mild exertion, Acidosis and adrenal cortical exhaustion occurred as a result of prolonged continuous exposure at 10,000-20,0000 ppm. Intoxication occurs after a 30 minute exposure at 50,000 ppm whilst exposure at 70,000-100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness within a few minutes. Odour Safety Factor (OSF) OSF=0.068 (CARBON DIOXIDE).
■ No special equipment for minor exposure i.e. when handling small quantities. OTHERWISE: For potentially moderate or heavy exposures: · Safety glasses with side shields. · NOTE: Contact lenses pose a special hazard; soft lenses may absorb irritants and ALL lenses concentrate them.
· No special equipment needed when handling small quantities. · OTHERWISE: · For potentially moderate exposures: · Wear general protective gloves, eg. light weight rubber gloves. · For potentially heavy exposures: · Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC. and safety footwear.
■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities. OTHERWISE: · Overalls. · Skin cleansing cream. · Eyewash unit. · Do not spray on hot surfaces. · The clothing worn by process operators insulated from earth may develop static charges far higher (up to 100 times) than the minimum ignition energies for various flammable gas-air mixtures. This holds true for a wide range of clothing materials including cotton. · Avoid dangerous levels of charge by ensuring a low resistivity of the surface material worn outermost. BRETHERICK: Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards.
■ Respiratory protection may be required when ANY "Worst Case" vapour-phase concentration is exceeded (see Computer Prediction in "Exposure Standards")
| Protection Factor (Min) | Half-Face Respirator | Full-Face Respirator | |
| 10 x ES | Air-line* | A--2 | |
| - | A--PAPR-2 | ||
| 20 x ES | - | A--3 | |
| 20+ x ES | - | Air-line** | |
■ General exhaust is adequate under normal conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas.
■ Supplied as an aerosol pack. Contents under PRESSURE. Contains highly flammable hydrocarbon propellant. Transparent liquid spray with a solvent odour; does not mix with water.
Liquid.
Gas.
Does not mix with water.
| State | Liquid | Molecular Weight | Not Applicable |
| Melting Range (ºC) | Not Available | Viscosity | Not Available |
| Boiling Range (ºC) | Not Available | Solubility in water (g/L) | Immiscible |
| Flash Point (ºC) | 25 | pH (1% solution) | Not Applicable |
| Decomposition Temp (ºC) | Not Available | pH (as supplied) | Not Applicable |
| Autoignition Temp (ºC) | 250 | Vapour Pressure (kPa) | 6.0 bar @ 20C |
| Upper Explosive Limit (%) | 6.5 | Specific Gravity (water=1) | Not Available |
| Lower Explosive Limit (%) | 0.6 | Relative Vapour Density (air=1) | Not Available |
| Volatile Component (%vol) | Not Available | Evaporation Rate | Not Available |
· Elevated temperatures.
· Presence of open flame.
· Product is considered stable.
· Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual. Not normally a hazard due to physical form of product. Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
■ There is some evidence to suggest that this material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. Not considered to be a risk because of the extreme volatility of the gas. Direct eye contact with petroleum hydrocarbons can be painful, and the corneal epithelium may be temporarily damaged. Aromatic species can cause irritation and excessive tear secretion.
■ Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use. Spray mist may produce discomfort. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.
■ Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by sleepiness, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of co-ordination, and vertigo. Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures. WARNING:Intentional misuse by concentrating/inhaling contents may be lethal.
■ Constant or exposure over long periods to mixed hydrocarbons may produce stupor with dizziness, weakness and visual disturbance, weight loss and anaemia, and reduced liver and kidney function. Skin exposure may result in drying and cracking and redness of the skin. Chronic exposure to lighter hydrocarbons can cause nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow dysfunction and psychiatric disorders as well as damage the liver and kidneys. Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver and blood changes. [PATTYS].
■ Not available. Refer to individual constituents. NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, HEAVY, HYDROTREATED: ■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
| TOXICITY | IRRITATION |
| Inhalation (rat) LC50: 3400 ppm/4h None reported | |
| Dermal (rat) LD50: >4000 mg/kg [EXXON] | |
| Dermal (rat) LC50: >11 mg/l [CCINFO-Shell] | |
| Oral (rat) LD50: >8000 mg/kg |
| TOXICITY | IRRITATION |
| Inhalation (rat) LCLo: 657190 ppm/15 m | |
| Inhalation (human) TCLo: 2000 ppm | |
| Inhalation (human) LCLo: 9 pph/5 m (9%) |
| Gasoline (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other relevant data) | International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs | Group | 2B |
| Petroleum solvents | International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs | Group | 3 |
| carbon dioxide | ILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on reproduction | Reduced fertility or sterility |
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows: 0890 100 63 - WURTH B+S REMOVER 400ML: Marine Pollutant: Not Determined ■ DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways. ■ WGK: Classification in accordance with German Water Resources Act. Water hazard class 1 (self-assessment): slightly hazardous to water. [Wurth] NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, HEAVY, HYDROTREATED: ■ For hydrocarbons: Environmental fate: The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals. Some hydrocarbon will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions (isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process. Under aerobic conditions hydrocarbons degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while under anaerobic processes they produce water, methane and carbon dioxide. Alkenes have low log octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of about 1 and estimated bioconcentration factors (BCF) of about 10; aromatics have intermediate values (log Kow values of 2-3 and BCF values of 20-200), while C5 and greater alkanes have fairly high values (log Kow values of about 3-4.5 and BCF values of 100-1,500 The estimated volatilisation half-lives for alkanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) components were predicted as 7 days in ponds, 1.5 days in rivers, and 6 days in lakes. The volatilisation rate of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives were estimated to be slower Indigenous microbes found in many natural settings (e.g., soils, groundwater, ponds) have been shown to be capable of degrading organic compounds. Unlike other fate processes that disperse contaminants in the environment, biodegradation can eliminate the contaminants without transferring them across media. The final products of microbial degradation are carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation depends on the chemical composition of the product released to the environment as well as site-specific environmental factors. Generally the straight chain hydrocarbons and the aromatics are degraded more readily than the highly branched aliphatic compounds. The n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and the aromatics in the C10-C22 range are the most readily biodegradable; n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics in the C5-C9 range are biodegradable at low concentrations by some microorganisms, but are generally preferentially removed by volatilisation and thus are unavailable in most environments; n-alkanes in the C1-C4 ranges are biodegradable only by a narrow range of specialised hydrocarbon degraders; and n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics above C22 are generally not available to degrading microorganisms. Hydrocarbons with condensed ring structures, such as PAHs with four or more rings, have been shown to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. In almost all cases, the presence of oxygen is essential for effective biodegradation of oil. The ideal pH range to promote biodegradation is close to neutral (6-8). For most species, the optimal pH is slightly alkaline, that is, greater than 7. All biological transformations are affected by temperature. Generally, as the temperature increases, biological activity tends to increase up to a temperature where enzyme denaturation occurs. Atmospheric fate: Alkanes, isoalkanes, and cycloalkanes have half-lives on the order of 1-10 days, whereas alkenes, cycloalkenes, and substituted benzenes have half-lives of 1 day or less. Photochemical oxidation products include aldehydes, hydroxy compounds, nitro compounds, and peroxyacyl nitrates. Alkenes, certain substituted aromatics, and naphthalene are potentially susceptible to direct photolysis. Ecotoxicity: Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic (high log Kow and low water solubility). Such substances produce toxicity in aquatic organisms by a mechanism referred to as "non-polar narcosis" or "baseline" toxicity . The hydrophobicity increases and water solubility decreases with increasing carbon number for a particular class of hydrocarbon. Substances with the same carbon number show increased hydrophobicity and decreased solubility with increasing saturation. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR), relating both solubility and toxicity to Kow predict that the water solubility of single chemical substances decreases more rapidly with increasing Kow than does the acute toxicity Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods. The values of log Kow for individual hydrocarbons increase with increasing carbon number within homologous series of generic types. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR), relating log Kow values of single hydrocarbons to toxicity, show that water solubility decreases more rapidly with increasing Kow than does the concentration causing effects. This relationship varies somewhat with species of hydrocarbon, but it follows that there is a log Kow limit for hydrocarbons, above which, they will not exhibit acute toxicity; this limit is at a log Kow value of about 4 to 5. It has been confirmed experimentally that for fish and invertebrates, paraffinic hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 10 or higher (log Kow >5) show no acute toxicity and that alkylbenzenes with a carbon number of 14 or greater (log Kow >5) similarly show no acute toxicity. QSAR equations for chronic toxicity also suggest that there should be a point where hydrocarbons with high log Kow values become so insoluble in water that they will not cause chronic toxicity, that is, that there is also a solubility cut-off for chronic toxicity. Thus, paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of greater than 14 (log Kow >7.3) should show no measurable chronic toxicity. Experimental support for this cut-off is demonstrated by chronic toxicity studies on lubricant base oils and one “heavy” solvent grade (substances composed of paraffins of C20 and greater) which show no effects after exposures to concentrations well above solubility. The initial criteria for classification of substances as dangerous to the aquatic environment are based upon acute toxicity data in fish, daphnids and algae. However, for substances that have low solubility and show no acute toxicity, the possibility of a long-term or chronic hazard to the environment is recognised in the R53 phrase or so-called "safety net." The R53 assignment for possible long-term harm is a surrogate for chronic toxicity test results and is triggered by substances that are both bioaccumulative and persistent. The indicators of bioaccumulation and persistence are taken as a BCF > 100 (or log Kow > 3 if no BCF data) and lack of ready biodegradability. For low solubility substances which have direct chronic toxicity data demonstrating no chronic toxicity at 1 mg/L or higher, these data take precedence such that no classification for long term toxicity is required.. ■ Drinking Water Standards: hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.). ■ PAHs travel through the atmosphere as a gas or attached to dust particles. They are carried by air currents and deposited by dry or wet (rain, dew, etc) deposition. When deposited in water they sink to the bottom of lakes and rivers. Some will move though the soil to contaminate groundwater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment, occurring at their highest environmental concentrations around urban centres. Two factors, lipid and organic carbon, control to a large extent the partitioning behaviour of PAHs in sediment, water and tissue; the more hydrophobic a compound, the greater the partitioning to non-aqueous phases. These two factors, along with the octanol-water partition coefficient, are the best predictors of this partitioning and can be used to determine PAH behaviour and its bioavailability in the environment. The lipid (fat) phase, of all organisms, contains the highest levels of PAHs: organic carbon associated with sediment or dissolved in water has a great influence on bioavailability resulting from its ability to adsorb. Accumulation of PAHs occurs in all marine organisms; however there is a wide range in tissue concentrations resulting from variable environmental concentrations, level and time of exposure, and species ability to metabolize these compounds. PAHs generally partition in lipid-rich tissues and their metabolites are found in most tissues. In fish, bile and liver accumulate the highest levels of parent PAH and metabolites. In invertebrates, the highest concentrations can be found in the internal organs, such as the liver and pancreas; tissue concentrations appear to follow seasonal cycles which may be related to variations in lipid content or spawning cycles. The primary mode of toxicity for PAHs in soil dwelling terrestrial invertebrates is non-specific non-polar narcosis. The uptake of PAHs by earthworms occurs primarily by direct contact with the soluble phase of soil solution (interstitial pore-water). Microbial degradation of PAHs is a key process in soils. Biodegradation of PAHs may take place over a period of weeks to months. Mixed microbial populations in sediment/water systems may degrade some PAHs, with degradation progressively decreasing with increasing molecular weight.The rate of degradation is dependent on nutrient content and the bacterial community in soil. PAHs in soils undergo a weathering process such that the lighter chain fractions are removed (primarily by volatilisation). Heavier fractions bind to soil organic matter and remain behind in the top soil horizon. As the mixture of PAHs age, bioavailability changes as the fraction remaining bind more tightly. In general the more soluble a PAH, the higher the uptake by plants while the reverse is true for uptake by earthworms and uptake in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. ■ For petroleum derivatives: Chemical analysis for all individual compounds in a petroleum bulk product released to the environment is generally unrealistic due to the complexity of these mixtures and the laboratory expense. Determining the chemical composition of a petroleum release is further complicated by hydrodynamic, abiotic, and biotic processes that act on the release to change the chemical character. The longer the release is exposed to the environment, the greater the change in chemical character and the harder it is to obtain accurate analytical results reflecting the identity of the release. After extensive weathering, detailed knowledge of the original bulk product is often less valuable than current site-specific information on a more focused set of hydrocarbon components. Health assessment efforts are frequently frustrated by three primary problems: (1) the inability to identify and quantify the individual compounds released to the environment as a consequence of a petroleum spill; (2) the lack of information characterizing the fate of the individual compounds in petroleum mixtures; and (3) the lack of specific health guidance values for the majority of chemicals present in petroleum products. To define the public health implications associated with exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of petroleum properties, compositions, and the physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological properties of the compounds most often identified as the key chemicals of concern. Environmental fate: Petroleum products released to the environment migrate through soil via two general pathways: (1) as bulk oil flow infiltrating the soil under the forces of gravity and capillary action, and (2) as individual compounds separating from the bulk petroleum mixture and dissolving in air or water. When bulk oil flow occurs, it results in little or no separation of the individual compounds from the product mixture and the infiltration rate is usually fast relative to the dissolution rate. Many compounds that are insoluble and immobile in water are soluble in bulk oil and will migrate along with the bulk oil flow. Factors affecting the rate of bulk oil infiltration include soil moisture content, vegetation, terrain, climate, rate of release (e.g., catastrophic versus slow leakage), soil particle size (e.g., sand versus clay), and oil viscosity (e.g., gasoline versus motor oil). As bulk oil migrates through the soil column, a small amount of the product mass is retained by soil particles. The bulk product retained by the soil particles is known as "residual saturation". Depending upon the persistence of the bulk oil, residual saturation can potentially reside in the soil for years. Residual saturation is important as it determines the degree of soil contamination and can act as a continuing source of contamination for individual compounds to separate from the bulk product and migrate independently in air or groundwater. Residual saturation is important as it determines the degree of soil contamination and can act as a continuing source of contamination for individual compounds to separate from the bulk product and migrate independently in air or groundwater. When the amount of product released to the environment is small relative to the volume of available soil, all of the product is converted to residual saturation and downward migration of the bulk product usually ceases prior to affecting groundwater resources. Adverse impacts to groundwater may still occur if rain water infiltrates through soil containing residual saturation and initiates the downward migration of individual compounds. When the amount of product released is large relative to the volume of available soil, the downward migration of bulk product ceases as water-saturated pore spaces are encountered. If the density of the bulk product is less than that of water, the product tends to "float" along the interface between the water saturated and unsaturated zones and spread horizontally in a pancake-like layer, usually in the direction of groundwater flow. Almost all motor and heating oils are less dense than water. If the density of the bulk product is greater than that of water, the product will continue to migrate downward through the water table aquifer under the continued influence of gravity. Downward migration ceases when the product is converted to residual saturation or when an impermeable surface is encountered. As the bulk product migrates through the soil column, individual compounds may separate from the mixture and migrate independently. Chemical transport properties such as volatility, solubility, and sorption potential are often used to evaluate and predict which compounds will likely separate from the mixture. Since petroleum products are complex mixtures of hundreds of compounds, the compounds characterized by relatively high vapor pressures tend to volatilise and enter the vapor phase. The exact composition of these vapors depends on the composition of the original product. Using gasoline as an example, compounds such as butane, propane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene are preferentially volatilised. Because volatility represents transfer of the compound from the product or liquid phase to the air phase, it is expected that the concentration of that compound in the product or liquid phase will decrease as the concentration in the air phase increases. In general, compounds having a vapor pressure in excess of 10-2 mm Hg are more likely to be present in the air phase than in the liquid phase. Compounds characterized by vapor pressures less than 10-7 mm Hg are more likely to be associated with the liquid phase. Compounds possessing vapor pressures that are less than 10-2 mm Hg, but greater than 10-7 mm Hg, will have a tendency to exist in both the air and the liquid phases. Lighter petroleum products such as gasoline contain constituents with higher water solubility and volatility and lower sorption potential than heavier petroleum products such as fuel oil. Data compiled from gasoline spills and laboratory studies indicate that these light-fraction hydrocarbons tend to migrate readily through soil, potentially threatening or affecting groundwater supplies. In contrast, petroleum products with heavier molecular weight constituents, such as fuel oil, are generally more persistent in soils, due to their relatively low water solubility and volatility and high sorption capacity. Solubility generally decreases with increasing molecular weight of the hydrocarbon compounds. For compounds having similar molecular weights, the aromatic hydrocarbons are more water soluble and mobile in water than the aliphatic hydrocarbons and branched aliphatics are less water-soluble than straight-chained aliphatics. Aromatic compounds in petroleum fuels may comprise as much as 50% by weight; aromatic compounds in the C6-C13, range made up approximately 95% of the compounds dissolved in water. Indigenous microbes found in many natural settings (e.g., soils, groundwater, ponds) have been shown to be capable of degrading organic compounds. Unlike other fate processes that disperse contaminants in the environment, biodegradation can eliminate the contaminants without transferring them across media. The final products of microbial degradation are carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation depends on the chemical composition of the product released to the environment as well as site-specific environmental factors. Generally the straight chain hydrocarbons and the aromatics are degraded more readily than the highly branched aliphatic compounds. The n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and the aromatics in the C10-C22 range are the most readily biodegradable; n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics in the C5-C9 range are biodegradable at low concentrations by some microorganisms, but are generally preferentially removed by volatilisation and thus are unavailable in most environments; n-alkanes in the C1-C4 ranges are biodegradable only by a narrow range of specialized hydrocarbon degraders; and n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics above C22 are generally not available to degrading microorganisms. Hydrocarbons with condensed ring structures, such as PAHs with four or more rings, have been shown to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. A large proportion of the water-soluble fraction of the petroleum product may be degraded as the compounds go into solution. As a result, the remaining product may become enriched in the alicyclics, the highly branched aliphatics, and PAHs with many fused rings. In almost all cases, the presence of oxygen is essential for effective biodegradation of oil. Anaerobic decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons leads to extremely low rates of degradation. The ideal pH range to promote biodegradation is close to neutral (6-8). For most species, the optimal pH is slightly alkaline, that is, greater than 7. The moisture content of the contaminated soil will affect biodegradation of oils due to dissolution of the residual compounds, dispersive actions, and the need for microbial metabolism to sustain high activity. The moisture content in soil affects microbial locomotion, solute diffusion, substrate supply, and the removal of metabolic by-products. Biodegradation rates in soils are also affected by the volume of product released to the environment. At concentrations of 0.5% of oil by volume, the degradation rate in soil is fairly independent of oil concentrations. However, as oil concentration rises, the first order degradation rate decreases and the oil degradation half-life increases. Ultimately, when the oil reaches saturation conditions in the soil (i.e., 30-50% oil), biodegradation virtually ceases. Excessive moisture will limit the gaseous supply of oxygen for enhanced decomposition of petroleum hydrocarbons. Most studies indicate that optimum moisture content is within 50-70% of the water holding capacity. All biological transformations are affected by temperature. Generally, as the temperature increases, biological activity tends to increase up to a temperature where enzyme denaturation occurs. The presence of oil should increase soil temperature, particularly at the surface. The darker color increases the heat capacity by adsorbing more radiation. The optimal temperature for biodegradation to occur ranges from 18 C to 30 C. Minimum rates would be expected at 5 C or lower. CARBON DIOXIDE: ■ log Kow (Sangster 1997): 0.83 ■ For carbon dioxide: Environmental fate: Carbon dioxide in earth's atmosphere is considered a trace gas currently occurring at an average concentration of about 385 parts per million by volume or 582 parts per million by mass. The mass of the Earth atmosphere is 5.14×10+18 kg , so the total mass of atmospheric carbon dioxide is 3.0×10+15 kg (3,000 gigatonnes). Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide fluctuate slightly with the change of the seasons, driven primarily by seasonal plant growth . Due to human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by about 35% since preindustrial times. In 1999, 2,244,804,000 (=~2.2 x10+9) metric tons of CO2 were produced in the U.S. as a result of electric energy generation. This is an output rate of 0.6083 kg (1.341 pounds) per kWh. There is about 50 times as much carbon dissolved in the oceans in the form of CO2 and CO2 hydration products as exists in the atmosphere. The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, having "absorbed about one-third of all human-generated CO2 emissions to date." Generally, gas solubility decreases as water temperature increases. Accordingly the ability of the oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere decreases as ocean temperatures rise. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, in which it spontaneously interconverts between CO2 and H2CO3 (carbonic acid). The relative concentrations of CO2, H2CO3, and the deprotonated forms HCO3 - (bicarbonate) and CO3 2-(carbonate) depend on the pH. In neutral or slightly alkaline water (pH > 6.5), the bicarbonate form predominates (>50%) becoming the most prevalent (>95%) at the pH of seawater, while in very alkaline water (pH > 10.4) the predominant (>50%) form is carbonate. The bicarbonate and carbonate forms are very soluble, such that air-equilibrated ocean water (mildly alkaline with typical pH = 8.2 - 8.5) contains about 120 mg of bicarbonate per liter. Most of the CO2 taken up by the ocean forms carbonic acid. Some is consumed in photosynthesis by organisms in the water, and a small proportion of that sinks and leaves the carbon cycle. There is considerable concern that as a result of increased CO2 in the atmosphere the acidity of seawater has been increasing and may adversely affect organisms living in the water. In particular, with increasing acidity, the availability of carbonates for forming shells decreases.
| Ingredient | Persistence: Water/Soil | Persistence: Air | Bioaccumulation | Mobility |
| carbon dioxide | LOW | LOW | HIGH |
■ Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked.
A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
· Reduction,
· Reuse
· Recycling
· Disposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If it has been contaminated, it may be possible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.
· DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
· It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
· In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
· Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
· Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
· Discharge contents of damaged aerosol cans at an approved site.
· Allow small quantities to evaporate.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· Bury residues and emptied aerosol cans at an approved site.
Labels Required: FLAMMABLE GAS
2YE (ADG7)
| Class or division: | 2 | Subsidiary risk: | None |
| UN No.: | 1950 | UN packing group: | None |
| Special provisions: | 63, 190, 277, 327 | Packing Instructions: | None |
| Notes: | None | Limited quantities: | See SP 277 |
| Portable tanks and bulk containers - Instructions: | None | Portable tanks and bulk containers - Special provisions: | None |
| Packagings and IBCs - Packing instruction: | P003, LP02 | Packagings and IBCs - Special packing provisions: | PP17, PP87, L2 |
| Class or division: | 2 | Subsidiary risk: | None |
| UN No.: | 1950 | UN packing group: | None |
| ICAO/IATA Class: | 2.1 | ICAO/IATA Subrisk: | None |
| UN/ID Number: | 1950 | Packing Group: | - |
| Special provisions: | A145 |
| IMDG Class: | 2.1 | IMDG Subrisk: | SP63 |
| UN Number: | 1950 | Packing Group: | None |
| EMS Number: | F-D,S-U | Special provisions: | 63 190 277 327 959 |
| Limited Quantities: | See SP277 | Marine Pollutant: | Not Determined |
None
Regulations for ingredients
"Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"
"Australia Exposure Standards","Australia Hazardous Substances","Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)","Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)","CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"
■ Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration reproductive end points that are clearly below the thresholds for other toxic effects. Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional standard. These have been established after a literature search for reproductive no-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard identification and dose-response assessment as applied by NIOSH were used in the creation of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated.
| Ingredient | ORG | UF | Endpoint | CR | Adeq TLV |
| carbon dioxide | 1800 mg/m3 | 10 | D/R | NA | - |
■ "Worst Case" computer-aided prediction of vapour components/concentrations: ■ Composite Exposure Standard for Mixture (TWA) (mg/m3): 1370 mg/m³ ■ If the breathing zone concentration of ANY of the components listed below is exceeded, "Worst Case" considerations deem the individual to be overexposed. Component Breathing Zone ppm Breathing Zone mg/m3 Mixture Conc: (%).
| Component | Breathing zone (ppm) | Breathing zone (mg/m3) | Mixture Conc (%) |
| naphtha petroleum, heavy, hydrotreated | 300.00 | 1370.0000 | 99.0 |
■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.
■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 6-Jan-2010
Print Date: 6-Jan-2010
This is the end of the MSDS.