0890 180 - WURTH PRIMING SPRAY GREY

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet

Issue Date: 24-Mar-2009

NC317ECP

CHEMWATCH 7504-21

Version No:4

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

0890 180 - WURTH PRIMING SPRAY GREY

SYNONYMS

"Manufacturer's Code 0890 180"

PROPER SHIPPING NAME

AEROSOLS

PRODUCT USE

» Application is by spray atomisation from a hand held aerosol pack.
Base for spray on lacquers.

SUPPLIER

Company: Wurth Pty Ltd                
Address:                              
4 Redwood Drive (abn 48 002 487 096)  
Dingley                               
VIC, 3172                             
AUS                                   
Telephone: +61 3 9552 9552            
Telephone: 1800 331 603               
Emergency Tel: 1300 657 765           
Fax: +61 3 9551 2994                  
                                      

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC, and the ADG
Code.

POISONS SCHEDULE

None

 

RISK SAFETY
» Extremely flammable. » Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking.
» Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. » Do not breathe gas/ fumes/ vapour/ spray.
» Irritating to eyes. » Use only in well ventilated areas.
» Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. » Keep container in a well ventilated place.
» Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. » Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
» Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and cracking. » To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use water and detergent.
» Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. » Keep container tightly closed.
» Keep away from food drink and animal feeding stuffs.
» In case of contact with eyes rinse with plenty of water and contact Doctor or Poisons Information Centre.
» If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or Poisons Information Centre (show this container or label).
» This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

 

Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

NAME CAS RN %
acetone 67-64-1 20-50
propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, alpha- isomer 108-65-6 1-20
ethyl acetate 141-78-6 1-20
isopropanol 67-63-0 1-20
xylene 1330-20-7 1-12.5
toluene 108-88-3 1-5
n- butyl acetate 123-86-4 NotSpec
hydrocarbon propellant 68476-85-7. 10-30

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

SWALLOWED

· Not considered a normal route of entry.
· If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
· If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
· Observe the patient carefully.
· Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.
· Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
· Seek medical advice.
· Avoid giving milk or oils.
· Avoid giving alcohol.

EYE

» If aerosols come in contact with the eyes:
· Immediately hold the eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously for at least 15 minutes with fresh running water.
· Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
· Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
· Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN

» If solids or aerosol mists are deposited upon the skin:
· Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
· Remove any adhering solids with industrial skin cleansing cream.
· DO NOT use solvents.
· Seek medical attention in the event of irritation.

INHALED

» If aerosols, fumes or combustion products are inhaled:
· Remove to fresh air.
· Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
· Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
· If breathing is shallow or has stopped, ensure clear airway and apply resuscitation, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
· Transport to hospital, or doctor.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN

» Treat symptomatically.
For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related hydrocarbons:
·  Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure.
· Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.
· Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance.
· A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax.
· Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g. Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice.
· Lavage is indicated in patients who require decontamination; ensure use of cuffed endotracheal tube in adult patients. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

· Water spray or fog.
· Foam.
· Dry chemical powder.
· BCF (where regulations permit).
· Carbon dioxide.

FIRE FIGHTING

· Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
· May be violently or explosively reactive.
· Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
· Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
· If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.
· Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
· DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
· Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
· If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
· Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
When any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire,
consider evacuation by  100  metres in all directions.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD

· Liquid and vapour are highly flammable.
· Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
· Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air.
· Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark.
· Vapour may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition.
· Heating may cause expansion or decomposition with violent container rupture.
· Aerosol cans may explode on exposure to naked flames.
· Rupturing containers may rocket and scatter burning materials.
· Hazards may not be restricted to pressure effects.
· May emit acrid, poisonous or corrosive fumes.
· On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
Combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2),  other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.

FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY

· Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.

HAZCHEM: 2YE

Personal Protective Equipment

Gas tight chemical resistant suit.

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

MINOR SPILLS

· Clean up all spills immediately.
· Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
· Wear protective clothing, impervious gloves and safety glasses.
· Shut off all possible sources of ignition and increase ventilation.
· Wipe up.
· If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from all ignition sources, until 
pressure has dissipated.
· Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.

MAJOR SPILLS

· Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
· Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
· May be violently or explosively reactive.
· Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
· Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses
· No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
· Increase ventilation.
· Stop leak if safe to do so.
· Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour.
· Absorb or cover spill with sand, earth, inert materials or vermiculite.
· If safe, damaged cans should be placed in a container outdoors, away from ignition sources, until pressure 
has dissipated.
· Undamaged cans should be gathered and stowed safely.
· Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.

 

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING

· Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
· Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
· Use in a well-ventilated area.
· Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
· DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
· Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
· Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
· When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· DO NOT spray directly on humans, exposed food or food utensils.
· Avoid physical damage to containers.
· Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
· Work clothes should be laundered separately.
· Use good occupational work practice.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
· Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
· DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.

SUITABLE CONTAINER

· Aerosol dispenser.
· Check that containers are clearly labelled.

STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY

· Avoid reaction with oxidising agents.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

· Keep dry to avoid corrosion of cans. Corrosion may result in container perforation and internal pressure may eject contents of can.
· Store in original containers in approved flammable liquid storage area.
· DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.
· No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
· Keep containers securely sealed. Contents under pressure.
· Store away from incompatible materials.
· Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.
· Avoid storage at temperatures higher than 40 deg C.
· Store in an upright position.
· Protect containers against physical damage.
· Check regularly for spills and leaks.
· Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE CONTROLS

SourceMaterialTWA ppmTWA mg/m³STEL ppmSTEL mg/m³
__________________________________________________
Australia Exposure Standardsacetone (Acetone)500118510002375
Australia Exposure Standardspropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, alpha-isomer (1-Methoxy-2-propanol acetate)50274100548
Australia Exposure Standardsethyl acetate (Ethyl acetate)2007204001440
Australia Exposure Standardsisopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol)4009835001230
Australia Exposure Standardsxylene (Xylene (o-, m-, p- isomers))80350150655
Australia Exposure Standardstoluene (Toluene)50191150574
Australia Exposure Standardsn-butyl acetate (n-Butyl acetate)150713200950
Australia Exposure Standardshydrocarbon propellant (LPG (liquified petroleum gas))10001800

 

EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS

Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
acetone 2,500 [LEL]
ethyl acetate 2,000 [LEL]
isopropanol 2,000 [LEL]
xylene 900
toluene 500
n-butyl acetate 1,700 [LEL]
hydrocarbon propellant 2,000 [LEL]
NOTES Values marked LEL indicate that the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.

 

MATERIAL DATA

» Not available. Refer to individual constituents.

INGREDIENT DATA

TOLUENE:
XYLENE:
   » Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration reproductive end points that are clearly below the thresholds for other toxic effects. Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional standard. These have been established after a literature search for reproductive no-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard identification and dose-response assessment as applied by NIOSH were used in the creation of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated.

TOLUENE:
XYLENE:
   » Exposure limits with "skin" notation indicate that vapour and liquid may be absorbed through intact skin. Absorption by skin may readily exceed vapour inhalation exposure. Symptoms for skin absorption are the same as for inhalation. Contact with eyes and mucous membranes may also contribute to overall exposure and may also invalidate the exposure standard.

TOLUENE:
XYLENE:
   » These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not be construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specified otherwise.
   CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:
   TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health:
   LOD: Limit of detection
   Toxic endpoints have also been identified as:
   D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen
   Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive
   American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).

ACETONE:
   » Odour Threshold Value: 3.6 ppm (detection), 699 ppm (recognition)
   Saturation vapour concentration: 237000 ppm @ 20 C
   NOTE: Detector tubes measuring in excess of 40 ppm, are available.
   Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to protect the worker against mild irritation associated with brief exposures and the bioaccumulation, chronic irritation of the respiratory tract and headaches associated with long-term acetone exposures. The NIOSH REL-TWA is substantially lower and has taken into account slight irritation experienced by volunteer subjects at 300 ppm. Mild irritation to acclimatised workers begins at about 750 ppm - unacclimatised subjects will experience irritation at about 350-500 ppm but acclimatisation can occur rapidly. Disagreement between the peak bodies is based largely on the view by ACGIH that widespread use of acetone, without evidence of significant adverse health effects at higher concentrations, allows acceptance of a higher limit.
   Half-life of acetone in blood is 3 hours which means that no adjustment for shift-length has to be made with reference to the standard 8 hour/day, 40 hours per week because body clearance occurs within any shift with low potential for accumulation.
   A STEL has been established to prevent excursions of acetone vapours that could cause depression of the central nervous system.
   Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
   OSF=38 (ACETONE).

PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE, ALPHA-ISOMER:
   » for propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
   Saturated vapour concentration: 4868 ppm at 20 C.
   A two-week inhalation study found nasal effects to the nasal mucosa in animals at concentrations up to 3000 ppm. Differences in the teratogenic potential of the alpha (commercial grade) and beta isomers of PGMEA may be explained by the formation of different metabolites. The beta-isomer is thought to be oxidised to methoxypropionic acid, a homologue to methoxyacetic acid which is a known teratogen. The alpha- form is conjugated and excreted. PGMEA mixture (containing 2% to 5% beta isomer) is a mild skin and eye irritant, produces mild central nervous system effects in animals at 3000 ppm and produces mild CNS impairment and upper respiratory tract and eye irritation in humans at 1000 ppm. In rats exposed to 3000 ppm PGMEA produced slight foetotoxic effects (delayed sternabral ossification) - no effects on foetal development were seen in rabbits exposed at 3000 ppm.

ETHYL ACETATE:
   
   Odour Threshold Value: 6.4-50 ppm (detection), 13.3-75 ppm (recognition)
   The TLV-TWA provides a significant margin of safety from the standpoint of
   adverse health effects. Unacclimated subjects found the odour
   objectionably strong at 200 ppm. Mild nose, eye and throat irritation was
   experienced at 400 ppm. Workers exposed regularly at concentrations
   ranging from 375 ppm to 1500 ppm for several months showed no unusual
   signs or symptoms.

ISOPROPANOL:
   » Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely allied to that of the USA.
   OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:
   · cause inflammation
   · cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents
   · lead to permanent injury or dysfunction
   · permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and
   · acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of overexposure.
   Odour Threshold Value: 3.3 ppm (detection), 7.6 ppm (recognition)
   Exposure at or below the recommended isopropanol TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the potential for inducing narcotic effects or significant irritation of the eyes or upper respiratory tract. It is believed, in the absence of hard evidence, that this limit also provides protection against the development of chronic health effects. The limit is intermediate to that set for ethanol, which is less toxic, and n-propyl alcohol, which is more toxic, than isopropanol.

XYLENE:
   » for xylenes:
   IDLH Level: 900 ppm
   Odour Threshold Value: 20 ppm (detection), 40 ppm (recognition)
   NOTE: Detector tubes for o-xylene, measuring in excess of 10 ppm, are available commercially. (m-xylene and p-xylene give almost the same response).
   Xylene vapour is an irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin and causes narcosis at high concentrations. Exposure to doses sufficiently high to produce intoxication and unconsciousness also produces transient liver and kidney toxicity. Neurologic impairment is NOT evident amongst volunteers inhaling up to 400 ppm though complaints of ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation occur at 200 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes.
   Exposure to xylene at or below the recommended TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the risk of irritant effects and to produce neither significant narcosis or chronic injury. An earlier skin notation was deleted because percutaneous absorption is gradual and protracted and does not substantially contribute to the dose received by inhalation.
   Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
   OSF=4 (XYLENE).

TOLUENE:
   » For toluene:
   Odour Threshold Value: 0.16-6.7 (detection), 1.9-69 (recognition)
   NOTE: Detector tubes measuring in excess of 5 ppm, are available.
   High concentrations of toluene in the air produce depression of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. Intentional toluene exposure (glue-sniffing) at maternally-intoxicating concentration has also produced birth defects. Foetotoxicity appears at levels associated with CNS narcosis and probably occurs only in those with chronic toluene-induced kidney failure. Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to prevent transient headache and irritation, to provide a measure of safety for possible disturbances to human reproduction, the prevention of reductions in cognitive responses reported amongst humans inhaling greater than 40 ppm, and the significant risks of hepatotoxic, behavioural and nervous system effects (including impaired reaction time and incoordination). Although toluene/ethanol interactions are well recognised, the degree of protection afforded by the TLV-TWA among drinkers is not known.
   Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
   OSF=17 (TOLUENE).

N-BUTYL ACETATE:
   » For n-butyl acetate
   Odour Threshold Value: 0.0063 ppm (detection), 0.038-12 ppm (recognition)
   Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to prevent significant irritation of the eyes and respiratory passages as well as narcotic effects. In light of the lack of substantive evidence regarding teratogenicity and a review of acute oral data a STEL is considered inappropriate.
   Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
   OSF=3.8E2 (n-BUTYL ACETATE).

 

PERSONAL PROTECTION

EYE

· Safety glasses with side shields.
· Chemical goggles.
· Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].

HANDS/FEET

· No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.
· OTHERWISE:
·  For potentially moderate exposures:
· Wear general protective gloves, eg. light weight rubber gloves.
· For potentially heavy exposures:
· Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC. and safety footwear.

OTHER

» No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.
OTHERWISE:
· Overalls.
· Skin cleansing cream.
· Eyewash unit.
· Do not spray on hot surfaces.

RESPIRATOR

» Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.

Breathing Zone Level ppm (volume) Maximum Protection Factor Half-face Respirator Full-Face Respirator
1000 10 AX-AUS -
1000 50 - AX-AUS
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - AX-2
10000 100 - AX-3
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand. The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required. For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

» General exhaust is adequate under normal conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.

 Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas.

 

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCE

» Supplied as an aerosol pack. Contents under PRESSURE. Contains highly flammable hydrocarbon propellant.
Grey liquid with a characteristic solvent odour; does not mix with water.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Liquid.
Gas.
Does not mix with water.
Floats on water.

 

Molecular Weight: Not Applicable Boiling Range (ºC): Not Available
Melting Range (ºC): Not Available Specific Gravity (water=1): ~0.8
Solubility in water (g/L): Immiscible pH (as supplied): Not Applicable
pH (1% solution): Not Applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa): 26.8
Volatile Component (%vol): Not Available Evaporation Rate: Not Available
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): Not Available Flash Point (ºC): -4
Lower Explosive Limit (%): 2.3 Upper Explosive Limit (%): 13
Autoignition Temp (ºC): 315 Decomposition Temp (ºC): Not Available
State: Liquid Viscosity: Not Available

Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION

CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY

· Elevated temperatures.
· Presence of open flame.
· Product is considered stable.
· Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

» Not normally a hazard due to physical form of product.
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments. The liquid may produce gastrointestinal discomfort and may be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion may result in nausea, pain and vomiting. Vomit entering the lungs by aspiration may cause potentially lethal chemical pneumonitis.

EYE

» The liquid produces a high level of eye discomfort and is capable of causing pain and severe conjunctivitis. Corneal injury may develop, with possible permanent impairment of vision, if not promptly and adequately treated.
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.

SKIN

» Spray mist may produce discomfort.
Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing skin condition.
Toxic effects may result from skin absorption.
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin.

INHALED

» Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.
Inhalation of high concentrations of gas/vapour causes lung irritation with coughing and nausea, central nervous depression with headache and dizziness, slowing of reflexes, fatigue and inco-ordination.
If exposure to highly concentrated solvent atmosphere is prolonged this may lead to narcosis, unconsciousness, even coma and possible death.
WARNING:Intentional misuse by concentrating/inhaling contents may be lethal.

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

» Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver and blood changes. [PATTYS].
Prolonged or continuous skin contact with the liquid may cause defatting with drying, cracking, irritation and dermatitis following.
WARNING: Aerosol containers may present pressure related hazards.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION

» Not available. Refer to individual constituents.

ACETONE:
» unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.

TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (man) TDLo: 2857 mg/kg Eye (human): 500 ppm - Irritant
Oral (rat) LD50: 5800 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 3.95 mg - SEVERE
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 500 ppm Eye (rabbit): 20mg/24hr -Moderate
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 12000 ppm/4 hr Skin (rabbit):395mg (open) - Mild
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 10 mg/m³/6 hr Skin (rabbit): 500 mg/24hr - Mild
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 50100 mg/m³/8 hr
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 20000 mg/kg
» The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. for acetone: The acute toxicity of acetone is low. Acetone is not a skin irritant or sensitiser but is a defatting agent to the skin. Acetone is an eye irritant. The subchronic toxicity of acetone has been examined in mice and rats that were administered acetone in the drinking water and again in rats treated by oral gavage. Acetone-induced increases in relative kidney weight changes were observed in male and female rats used in the oral 13-week study. Acetone treatment caused increases in the relative liver weight in male and female rats that were not associated with histopathologic effects and the effects may have been associated with microsomal enzyme induction. Haematologic effects consistent with macrocytic anaemia were also noted in male rats along with hyperpigmentation in the spleen. The most notable findings in the mice were increased liver and decreased spleen weights. Overall, the no-observed-effect-levels in the drinking water study were 1% for male rats (900 mg/kg/d) and male mice (2258 mg/kg/d), 2% for female mice (5945 mg/kg/d), and 5% for female rats (3100 mg/kg/d). For developmental effects, a statistically significant reduction in foetal weight, and a slight, but statistically significant increase in the percent incidence of later resorptions were seen in mice at 15,665 mg/m3 and in rats at 26,100 mg/m3. The no-observable-effect level for developmental toxicity was determined to be 5220 mg/m3 for both rats and mice. Teratogenic effects were not observed in rats and mice tested at 26,110 and 15,665 mg/m3, respectively. Lifetime dermal carcinogenicity studies in mice treated with up to 0.2 mL of acetone did not reveal any increase in organ tumor incidence relative to untreated control animals. The scientific literature contains many different studies that have measured either the neurobehavioural performance or neurophysiological response of humans exposed to acetone. Effect levels ranging from about 600 to greater than 2375 mg/m3 have been reported. Neurobehavioral studies with acetone-exposed employees have recently shown that 8-hr exposures in excess of 2375 mg/m3 were not associated with any dose-related changes in response time, vigilance, or digit span scores. Clinical case studies, controlled human volunteer studies, animal research, and occupational field evaluations all indicate that the NOAEL for this effect is 2375 mg/m3 or greater. PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE, ALPHA-ISOMER: » unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 8532 mg/kg Nil Reported
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >5000 mg/kg* * [CCINFO]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 4345 ppm/6h
» A BASF report (in ECETOC ) showed that inhalation exposure to 545 ppm PGMEA (beta isomer) was associated with a teratogenic response in rabbits; but exposure to 145 ppm and 36 ppm had no adverse effects. The beta isomer of PGMEA comprises only 10% of the commercial material, the remaining 90% is alpha isomer. Hazard appears low but emphasizes the need for care in handling this chemical. [I.C.I]. for propylene glycol ethers (PGEs): Typical propylene glycol ethers include propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB); dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPnB); dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA); tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM). Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers has shown that propylene glycol-based ethers are less toxic than some ethers of the ethylene series. The common toxicities associated with the lower molecular weight homologues of the ethylene series, such as adverse effects on reproductive organs, the developing embryo and fetus, blood (haemolytic effects), or thymus, are not seen with the commercial-grade propylene glycol ethers. In the ethylene series, metabolism of the terminal hydroxyl group produces an alkoxyacetic acid. The reproductive and developmental toxicities of the lower molecular weight homologues in the ethylene series are due specifically to the formation of methoxyacetic and ethoxyacetic acids. Longer chain length homologues in the ethylene series are not associated with the reproductive toxicity but can cause haemolysis in sensitive species, also through formation of an alkoxyacetic acid. The predominant alpha isomer of all the PGEs (thermodynamically favored during manufacture of PGEs) is a secondary alcohol incapable of forming an alkoxypropionic acid. In contrast beta-isomers are able to form the alkoxypropionic acids and these are linked to teratogenic effects (and possibly haemolytic effects). This alpha isomer comprises greater than 95% of the isomeric mixture in the commercial product. Because the alpha isomer cannot form an alkoxypropionic acid, this is the most likely reason for the lack of toxicity shown by the PGEs as distinct from the lower molecular weight ethylene glycol ethers. More importantly, however, very extensive empirical test data show that this class of commercial-grade glycol ether presents a low toxicity hazard. PGEs, whether mono, di- or tripropylene glycol-based (and no matter what the alcohol group), show a very similar pattern of low to non-detectable toxicity of any type at doses or exposure levels greatly exceeding those showing pronounced effects from the ethylene series. One of the primary metabolites of the propylene glycol ethers is propylene glycol, which is of low toxicity and completely metabolised in the body. As a class, the propylene glycol ethers are rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body when introduced by inhalation or oral exposure. Dermal absorption is somewhat slower but subsequent distribution is rapid. Most excretion for PGEs is via the urine and expired air. A small portion is excreted in the faeces. As a group PGEs exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Rat oral LD50s range from >3,000 mg/kg (PnB) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg (PnB, & DPnB; where no deaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3 for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For PnB, the 4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. No deaths occurred at these concentrations. PnB and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remaining category members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. PnB is moderately irritating to skin while the remaining category members are slightly to non-irritating None are skin sensitisers. In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at high exposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELs of 350 mg/kg-d (PnB – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (DPnB – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weight increases (without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highest dose tested). Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for many PGEs. For PnB, no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organ weights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for DPnB. For TPM, increased kidney weights (no histopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90-day study in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest tested concentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for PnB and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for DPnB. TPM caused increased liver weights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In this study, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weights without accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route for TPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to other category members. One and two-generation reproductive toxicity testing has been conducted in mice, rats, and rabbits via the oral or inhalation routes of exposure on PM and PMA. In an inhalation rat study using PM, the NOAEL for parental toxicity is 300 ppm (1106 mg/m3) with decreases in body and organ weights occurring at the LOAEL of 1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3). For offspring toxicity the NOAEL is 1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3), with decreased body weights occurring at 3000 ppm (11058 mg/m3). For PMA, the NOAEL for parental and offspring toxicity is 1000 mg/kg/d. in a two generation gavage study in rats. No adverse effects were found on reproductive organs, fertility rates, or other indices commonly monitored in such studies. In addition, there is no evidence from histopathological data from repeated-dose studies for the category members that would indicate that these chemicals would pose a reproductive hazard to human health. In developmental toxicity studies many PGEs have been tested by various routes of exposure and in various species at significant exposure levels and show no frank developmental effects. Due to the rapid hydrolysis of DPMA to DPM, DPMA would not be expected to show teratogenic effects. At high doses where maternal toxicity occurs (e.g., significant body weight loss), an increased incidence of some anomalies such as delayed skeletal ossification or increased 13th ribs, have been reported. Commercially available PGEs showed no teratogenicity. The weight of the evidence indicates that propylene glycol ethers are not likely to be genotoxic. In vitro, negative results have been seen in a number of assays for PnB, DPnB, DPMA and TPM. Positive results were only seen in 3 out of 5 chromosome aberration assays in mammalian cells with DPnB. However, negative results were seen in a mouse micronucleus assay with DPnB and PM. Thus, there is no evidence to suggest these PGEs would be genotoxic in vivo. In a 2-year bioassay on PM, there were no statistically significant increases in tumors in rats and mice. A BASF report (in ECETOC ) showed that inhalation exposure to 545 ppm PGMEA (beta isomer) was associated with a teratogenic response in rabbits; but exposure to 145 ppm and 36 ppm had no adverse effects. The beta isomer of PGMEA comprises only 10% of the commercial material, the remaining 90% is alpha isomer. Hazard appears low but emphasizes the need for care in handling this chemical. [I.C.I] ETHYL ACETATE: » unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 5620 mg/kg Eye (human): 400 ppm
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 1600 ppm/8h
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 400 ppm
Inhalation (Human) TCLo: 400 ppm/4h
Oral (Mouse) LD50: 4100 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal (Mouse) LD50: 709 mg/kg
Oral (Rabbit) LD50: 4935 mg/kg
Oral (Guinea pig) LD50: 5500 mg/kg
ISOPROPANOL: » unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 3570 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 500 mg - Mild
Oral (human) TDLo: 223 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 10 mg - Moderate
Oral (man) TDLo: 14432 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 100mg/24hr-Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 5045 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 100 mg - SEVERE
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 12800 mg/kg
» The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. XYLENE: » unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 50 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):500 mg/24h Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 4300 mg/kg Eye (human): 200 ppm Irritant
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 200 ppm Eye (rabbit): 87 mg Mild
Inhalation (man) LCLo: 10000 ppm/6h Eye (rabbit): 5 mg/24h SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 5000 ppm/4h
Oral (Human) LD: 50 mg/kg
Inhalation (Human) TCLo: 200 ppm/4h
Intraperitoneal (Rat) LD50: 2459 mg/kg
Subcutaneous (Rat) LD50: 1700 mg/kg
Oral (Mouse) LD50: 2119 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal (Mouse) LD50: 1548 mg/kg
Intravenous (Rabbit) LD: 129 mg/kg
Inhalation (Guinea) pig: LC 450 ppm/4h
» The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis. The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. Reproductive effector in rats TOLUENE: » unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 50 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):20 mg/24h-Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 636 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):500 mg - Moderate
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 100 ppm Eye (rabbit):0.87 mg - Mild
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 200 ppm Eye (rabbit): 2mg/24h - SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >26700 ppm/1h Eye (rabbit):100 mg/30sec - Mild
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 12124 mg/kg
» The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. For toluene: Acute Toxicity Humans exposed to intermediate to high levels of toluene for short periods of time experience adverse central nervous system effects ranging from headaches to intoxication, convulsions, narcosis, and death. Similar effects are observed in short-term animal studies. Humans - Toluene ingestion or inhalation can result in severe central nervous system depression, and in large doses, can act as a narcotic. The ingestion of about 60 mL resulted in fatal nervous system depression within 30 minutes in one reported case. Constriction and necrosis of myocardial fibers, markedly swollen liver, congestion and haemorrhage of the lungs and acute tubular necrosis were found on autopsy. Central nervous system effects (headaches, dizziness, intoxication) and eye irritation occurred following inhalation exposure to 100 ppm toluene 6 hours/day for 4 days. Exposure to 600 ppm for 8 hours resulted in the same and more serious symptoms including euphoria, dilated pupils, convulsions, and nausea . Exposure to 10,000-30,000 ppm has been reported to cause narcosis and death Toluene can also strip the skin of lipids causing dermatitis Animals - The initial effects are instability and incoordination, lachrymation and sniffles (respiratory exposure), followed by narcosis. Animals die of respiratory failure from severe nervous system depression. Cloudy swelling of the kidneys was reported in rats following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm, 18-20 hours/day for 3 days Subchronic/Chronic Effects: Repeat doses of toluene cause adverse central nervous system effects and can damage the upper respiratory system, the liver, and the kidney. Adverse effects occur as a result from both oral and the inhalation exposures. A reported lowest-observed-effect level in humans for adverse neurobehavioral effects is 88 ppm. Humans - Chronic occupational exposure and incidences of toluene abuse have resulted in hepatomegaly and liver function changes. It has also resulted in nephrotoxicity and, in one case, was a cardiac sensitiser and fatal cardiotoxin. Neural and cerebellar dystrophy were reported in several cases of habitual "glue sniffing." An epidemiological study in France on workers chronically exposed to toluene fumes reported leukopenia and neutropenia. Exposure levels were not given in the secondary reference; however, the average urinary excretion of hippuric acid, a metabolite of toluene, was given as 4 g/L compared to a normal level of 0.6 g/L Animals - The major target organs for the subchronic/chronic toxicity of toluene are the nervous system, liver, and kidney. Depressed immune response has been reported in male mice given doses of 105 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Toluene in corn oil administered to F344 male and female rats by gavage 5 days/week for 13 weeks, induced prostration, hypoactivity, ataxia, piloerection, lachrymation, excess salivation, and body tremors at doses 2500 mg/kg. Liver, kidney, and heart weights were also increased at this dose and histopathologic lesions were seen in the liver, kidneys, brain and urinary bladder. The no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the study was 312 mg/kg (223 mg/kg/day) and the lowest-observed-adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the study was 625 mg/kg (446 mg/kg/day) . Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity Exposures to high levels of toluene can result in adverse effects in the developing human foetus. Several studies have indicated that high levels of toluene can also adversely effect the developing offspring in laboratory animals. Humans - Variable growth, microcephaly, CNS dysfunction, attentional deficits, minor craniofacial and limb abnormalities, and developmental delay were seen in three children exposed to toluene in utero as a result of maternal solvent abuse before and during pregnancy Animals - Sternebral alterations, extra ribs, and missing tails were reported following treatment of rats with 1500 mg/m3 toluene 24 hours/day during days 9-14 of gestation. Two of the dams died during the exposure. Another group of rats received 1000 mg/m3 8 hours/day during days 1-21 of gestation. No maternal deaths or toxicity occurred, however, minor skeletal retardation was present in the exposed fetuses. CFLP Mice were exposed to 500 or 1500 mg/m3 toluene continuously during days 6-13 of pregnancy. All dams died at the high dose during the first 24 hours of exposure, however none died at 500 mg/m3. Decreased foetal weight was reported, but there were no differences in the incidences of skeletal malformations or anomalies between the treated and control offspring. Absorption - Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that toluene is readily absorbed via the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption through the skin is estimated at about 1% of that absorbed by the lungs when exposed to toluene vapor. Dermal absorption is expected to be higher upon exposure to the liquid; however, exposure is limited by the rapid evaporation of toluene . Distribution - In studies with mice exposed to radiolabeled toluene by inhalation, high levels of radioactivity were present in body fat, bone marrow, spinal nerves, spinal cord, and brain white matter. Lower levels of radioactivity were present in blood, kidney, and liver. Accumulation of toluene has generally been found in adipose tissue, other tissues with high fat content, and in highly vascularised tissues . Metabolism - The metabolites of inhaled or ingested toluene include benzyl alcohol resulting from the hydroxylation of the methyl group. Further oxidation results in the formation of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. The latter is conjugated with glycine to yield hippuric acid or reacted with glucuronic acid to form benzoyl glucuronide. o-cresol and p-cresol formed by ring hydroxylation are considered minor metabolites Excretion - Toluene is primarily (60-70%) excreted through the urine as hippuric acid. The excretion of benzoyl glucuronide accounts for 10-20%, and excretion of unchanged toluene through the lungs also accounts for 10-20%. Excretion of hippuric acid is usually complete within 24 hours after exposure. HYDROCARBON PROPELLANT: » Not available. Refer to individual constituents.

 

CARCINOGEN

isopropanolInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) CarcinogensGroup3
xyleneInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) CarcinogensGroup3
tolueneInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) CarcinogensGroup3

REPROTOXIN

xyleneILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on reproductionReduced fertility or sterility
tolueneILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on reproductionReduced fertility or sterility

SKIN

propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, alpha-isomerAustralia Exposure Standards - SkinNotesSk
tolueneAustralia Exposure Standards - SkinNotesSk

 

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Marine Pollutant:  Not Determined

» DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
» WGK: Classification in accordance with German Water Resources Act.
Water hazard class 1 (self-assessment): slightly hazardous to water.
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:

ACETONE:
» Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):                                             8300- 40000
» Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l):                                    10
» log Kow (Prager 1995):                                                - 0.24
» log Kow (Sangster 1997):                                              - 0.24
» log Pow (Verschueren 1983):                                           - 0.24
» BOD5:                                                                 122%
» ThOD:                                                                 72
» Half- life Soil - High (hours):                                       168
» Half- life Soil - Low (hours):                                        24
» Half- life Air - High (hours):                                        2790
» Half- life Air - Low (hours):                                         279
» Half- life Surface water - High (hours):                              168
» Half- life Surface water - Low (hours):                               24
» Half- life Ground water - High (hours):                               336
» Half- life Ground water - Low (hours):                                48
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours):                      168
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours):                       24
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours):                    672
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours):                     96
» Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours):  75%
» Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - Low (hours):   54%
» Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours):                         270
» Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours):                       3.97E+06
» Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours):                        9.92E+04
» Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours):                         2790
» Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours):                          279

» Ketones are generally not degraded by hydrolysis. certain ketones may add water to form a hydrate under  aqueous conditions especially in the presence of a mild acid, but, this addition is an equilibrium reaction that is reversible upon a change of water concentration and the reaction ultimately leads to no permanent change in the structure of the ketone substrate.
Based on its reactions in air, it seems likely that ketones undergo photolysis in water. It is probable that ketones will be biodegraded to an appreciable degree by micro-organisms in soil and water. They are unlikely to bioconcentrate or biomagnify.
» for acetone:
log Kow: -0.24
Half-life (hr) air: 312-1896
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 20
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 3.67E-05
BOD 5:  0.31-1.76,46-55%
COD: 1.12-2.07
ThOD: 2.2
BCF: 0.69
Environmental fate:
Acetone preferentially locates in the air compartment when released to the environment. A substantial amount of acetone can also be found in water, which is consistent with the high water to air partition coefficient and its small, but detectable, presence in rain water, sea water, and lake water samples. Very little acetone is expected to reside in soil, biota, or suspended solids. This is entirely consistent with the physical and chemical properties of acetone and with measurements showing a low propensity for soil absorption and a high preference for moving through the soil and into the ground water
In air, acetone is lost by photolysis and reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the estimated half-life of these combined processes is about 22 days. The relatively long half-life allows acetone to be transported long distances from its emission source.
Acetone is highly soluble and slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of about 20 hours; it is minimally toxic to aquatic life.
Acetone released to soil volatilises although some may leach into the ground where it rapidly biodegrades.
Acetone does not concentrate in the food chain.
Acetone meets the OECD definition of readily biodegradable which requires that the biological oxygen demand (BOD) is at least 70% of the theoretical oxygen demand (THOD) within the 28-day test period
Drinking Water Standard: none available.
Soil Guidelines: none available.
Air Quality Standards: none available.
Ecotoxicity:
Testing shows that acetone exhibits a low order of toxicity
Fish LC50: brook trout 6070 mg/l; fathead minnow 15000 mg/l
Bird LC0 (5 day): Japanese quail, ring-neck pheasant 40,000 mg/l
Daphnia magna LC50 (48 h):  15800 mg/l; NOEC 8500 mg/l
Aquatic invertebrate 2100 - 16700 mg/l
Aquatic plant NOEC: 5400-7500 mg/l
Daphnia magna chronic NOEC 1660 mg/l
Acetone vapors were shown to be relatively toxic to two types insects and their eggs. The time to 50% lethality (LT50) was found to be 51.2 hr and 67.9 hr when the flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) and the flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) were exposed to an airborne acetone concentration of 61.5 mg/m3. The LT50 values for the eggs were 30-50% lower than for the adult. The direct application of acetone liquid to the body of the insects or surface of the eggs did not, however, cause any mortality.
The ability of acetone to inhibit cell multiplication has been examined in a wide variety of microorganisms. The results have generally indicated mild to minimal toxicity with NOECs greater than 1700 mg/L for exposures lasting from 6 hr to 4 days. Longer exposure periods of 7 to 8 days with bacteria produced mixed results; but overall the data indicate a low degree of toxicity for acetone. The only exception to these findings were the results obtained with the flagellated protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum) which yielded a 3-day NOEC of 28 mg/L.

PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE, ALPHA-ISOMER:
Marine Pollutant:  Not Determined

» For glycol ethers:
Environmental fate:
Ether groups are generally stable to hydrolysis in water under neutral conditions and ambient temperatures. OECD guideline studies indicate ready biodegradability for several glycol ethers although higher molecular weight species seem to biodegrade at a slower rate. No glycol ethers that have been tested demonstrate marked resistance to biodegradative processes. Upon release to the atmosphere by evaporation, high boiling glycol ethers are estimated to undergo photodegradation (atmospheric half lives = 2.4-2.5 hr). When released to water, glycol ethers undergo biodegradation (typically 47-92% after 8-21 days) and have a low potential for bioaccumulation (log Kow ranges from -1.73 to +0.51).
Ecotoxicity:
Aquatic toxicity data indicate that the tri- and tetra ethylene glycol ethers are "practically non-toxic" to aquatic species. No major differences are observed in the order of toxicity going from the methyl- to the butyl ethers.
Glycols exert a high oxygen demand for decomposition and once released to th environments cause the death of aquatic organisms if dissolved oxygen is depleted.
» for propylene glycol ethers:
Environmental fate:
Most are liquids at room temperature and all are water-soluble.
Typical propylene glycol ethers include propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB); dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPnB); dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA); tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM)
Environmental fate: Log octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow's) range from 0.309 for TPM to 1.523 for DPnB. Calculated BCFs range from 1.47 for DPnB to 3.16 for DPMA and TPM, indicating low bioaccumulation. Henry's Law Constants, which indicate propensity to partition from water to air, are low for all category members, ranging from 5.7 x 10-9 atm-m3/mole for TPM to 2.7 x10-9 atm-m3/mole for PnB. Fugacity modeling indicates that most propylene glycol ethers are likely to partition roughly equally into the soil and water compartments in the environment with small to negligible amounts remaining in other environmental compartments (air, sediment, and aquatic biota). Propylene glycol ethers are unlikely to persist in the environment. Once in air, the half-life of the category members due to direct reactions with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals, range from 2.0 hours for TPM to 4.6 hours for PnB. In water, most  members of this family  are "readily biodegradable" under aerobic conditions. (DPMA degraded within 28 days (and within the specified 10-day window) but only using pre-adapted or "acclimated" inoculum.). In soil, biodegradation is rapid for PM and PMA.
Ecotoxicity:
Acute aquatic toxicity testing indicates low toxicity for both ethers and acetates. For ethers, effect concentrations are > 500 mg/L. For acetates, effect concentrations are > 151 mg/L.

ETHYL ACETATE:
» log Pow (Verschueren 1983):                                           0.66/0.73
» ThOD:                                                                 50.4
» log Pow (Verschueren 1983):                                           0.66/0.73
» BOD5:                                                                 15%
» COD:                                                                  1.54 (83%)
» ThOD:                                                                 1.82
» Half- life Soil - High (hours):                                       168
» Half- life Soil - Low (hours):                                        24
» Half- life Air - High (hours):                                        353
» Half- life Air - Low (hours):                                         35.3
» Half- life Surface water - High (hours):                              168
» Half- life Surface water - Low (hours):                               24
» Half- life Ground water - High (hours):                               336
» Half- life Ground water - Low (hours):                                48
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours):                      168
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours):                       24
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours):                    672
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours):                     96
» Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours):  96%
» Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - Low (hours):   99.90%
» Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours):                       9.60E+05
» Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours):                        24090
» Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours):                         353
» Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours):                          35.3
» First order hydrolysis half- life (hours):                            1.77E+04
» Acid rate constant [M(H+)- HR]- 1:                                    3.05E- 08
» Base rate constant [MOH)- HR]- 1:                                     2.99E- 05

log Kow: 0.66-0.73
Half-life (hr) air: 200
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 10
Henry's atm m³ /mol: 1.20E-04
BOD 5 if unstated: 0.1-1.24,16-36%
COD: 1.54,83%
ThOD: 1.82

ISOPROPANOL:
» log Kow (Sangster 1997):                            0.05
» log Pow (Verschueren 1983):                         - 0.5714285
» BOD5:                                               60%
» BOD20:                                              78%
» COD:                                                2.23
» ThOD:                                               2.4
» Half- life Soil - High (hours):                     168
» Half- life Soil - Low (hours):                      24
» Half- life Air - High (hours):                      72
» Half- life Air - Low (hours):                       6.2
» Half- life Surface water - High (hours):            168
» Half- life Surface water - Low (hours):             24
» Half- life Ground water - High (hours):             336
» Half- life Ground water - Low (hours):              48
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours):    168
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours):     24
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours):  672
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours):   96
» Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours):     1.90E+05
» Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours):      4728
» Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours):       72
» Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours):        6.2

log Kow: -0.16- 0.28
Half-life (hr) air: 33-84
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 130
Henry's atm m³ /mol: 8.07E-06
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.19,60%
COD: 1.61-2.30,97%
ThOD: 2.4
Aquatic toxicity
(fish) 24-96h TLm: 42.5-240 mg/l
(fish) 96h LC50: 4200-9640 mg/l *
(daphnia) 48h EC50: 2285 mg/l *
BOD 20: >70% *                                               * [Akzo Nobel]

XYLENE:
» Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):                              13.5
» BCF<100:                                               2.14- 2.20
» log Kow (Prager 1995):                                 3.12- 3.20
» Half- life Soil - High (hours):                        672
» Half- life Soil - Low (hours):                         168
» Half- life Air - High (hours):                         44
» Half- life Air - Low (hours):                          2.6
» Half- life Surface water - High (hours):               672
» Half- life Surface water - Low (hours):                168
» Half- life Ground water - High (hours):                8640
» Half- life Ground water - Low (hours):                 336
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours):       672
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours):        168
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours):     8640
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours):      4320
» Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m):  269.5
» Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m):   265
» Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours):        2.70E+08
» Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours):         3.90E+05
» Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours):          44
» Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours):           2.6

» Harmful to aquatic organisms.
» For xylenes :
Environmental Fate
Terrestrial fate:: Measured Koc values of 166 and 182, indicate that 3-xylene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of p-xylene is expected to be important from moist soil surfaces given a measured Henry's Law constant of 7.18x10-3 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilisation of 3-xylene from dry soil surfaces may exist based on a measured vapor pressure of 8.29 mm Hg. p-Xylene may be degraded during its passage through soil). The extent of the degradation is expected to depend on its concentration, residence time in the soil, the nature of the soil, and whether resident microbial populations have been acclimated. p-Xylene, present in soil samples contaminated with jet fuel, was completely degraded aerobically within 5 days. In aquifer studies under anaerobic conditions, p-xylene was degraded, usually within several weeks, with the production of 3-methylbenzylfumaric acid, 3-methylbenzylsuccinic acid, 3-methylbenzoate, and 3-methylbenzaldehyde as metabolites.
Aquatic fate: Koc values indicate that p-xylene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. p-Xylene is expected to volatilise from water surfaces based on the measured Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. BCF values of 14.8, 23.4, and 6, measured in goldfish, eels, and clams, respectively, indicate that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. p-Xylene in water with added humic substances was 50% degraded following 3 hours irradiation suggesting that indirect photooxidation in the presence of humic acids may play an important role in the abiotic degradation of p-xylene. Although p-xylene is biodegradable and has been observed to degrade in pond water, there are insufficient data to assess the rate of this process in surface waters. p-Xylene has been observed to degrade in anaerobic and aerobic groundwater in several studies; however, it is known to persist for many years in groundwater, at least at sites where the concentration might have been quite high.
Atmospheric fate:
Most xylenes released to the environment will occur in the atmosphere and volatilisation is the dominant environmental fate process. In the ambient atmosphere, xylenes are expected to exist solely in the vapour phase. Xylenes are degraded in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with an estimated atmospheric lifetime of about 0.5 to 2 days. Xylenes' susceptibility to photochemical oxidation in the troposphere is to the extent that they may contribute to photochemical smog formation.
According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and from its vapour pressure, p-xylene, is expected to exist solely as a vapour in the ambient atmosphere. Vapour-phase p-xylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 16 hours. A half-life of 1.0 hr in summer and 10 hr in winter was measured for the reaction of p-xylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. p-Xylene has a moderately high photochemical reactivity under smog conditions, higher than the other xylene isomers, with loss rates varying from 9-42% per hr. The photooxidation of p-xylene results in the production of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-methylbenzylnitrate, m-tolualdehyde, 4-nitro-3-xylene, 5-nitro-3-xylene, 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 6-nitro-2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.
Ecotoxicity:
for xylenes
Fish LC50 (96 h) Pimephales promelas 13.4 mg/l; Oncorhyncus mykiss 8.05 mg/l; Lepomis macrochirus 16.1 mg/l (all flow through values); Pimephales promelas 26.7 (static)
Daphnia EC50 948 h): 3.83 mg/l
Photobacterium phosphoreum EC50 (24 h): 0.0084 mg/l
Gammarus lacustris LC50 (48 h): 0.6 mg/l.

TOLUENE:
» Hazardous Air Pollutant:                                              Yes
» Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):                                             7.3- 22.8
» BCF<100:                                                              13.2 (EELS
» log Kow (Sangster 1997):                                              2.73
» log Pow (Verschueren 1983):                                           2.69
» BOD5:                                                                 5%
» COD:                                                                  21%
» ThOD:                                                                 3.13
» Half- life Soil - High (hours):                                       528
» Half- life Soil - Low (hours):                                        96
» Half- life Air - High (hours):                                        104
» Half- life Air - Low (hours):                                         10
» Half- life Surface water - High (hours):                              528
» Half- life Surface water - Low (hours):                               96
» Half- life Ground water - High (hours):                               672
» Half- life Ground water - Low (hours):                                168
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours):                      528
» Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours):                       96
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours):                    5040
» Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours):                     1344
» Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours):  75%
» Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m):                 268
» Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m):                  253.5
» Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours):                       1284
» Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours):                        321
» Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours):                         104
» Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours):                          10

» For toluene:
log Kow  : 2.1-3
log Koc  : 1.12-2.85
Koc  : 37-260
log Kom  : 1.39-2.89
Half-life (hr) air  : 2.4-104
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water  : 5.55-528
Half-life (hr) H2O ground  : 168-2628
Half-life (hr) soil  : <48-240
Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 518-694
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 5.94E-03
BOD 5  0.86-2.12, 5%
COD  : 0.7-2.52,21-27%
ThOD  : 3.13
BCF  : 1.67-380
log BCF  : 0.22-3.28
Environmental fate:
Transport: The majority of toluene evaporates to the atmosphere from the water and soil.It is moderately retarded by adsorption to soils rich in organic material (Koc = 259), therefore, transport to ground water is dependent on the soil composition. In unsaturated topsoil containing organic material, it has been estimated that 97% of the toluene is adsorbed to the soil and only about 2% is in the soil-water phase and transported with flowing groundwater. There is little retardation in sandy soils and 2-13% of the toluene was estimated to migrate with flowing water; the remainder was volatilised, biodegraded, or unaccounted for. In saturated deep soils with no soil-air phase, about 48% may be transported with flowing groundwater.
Transformation/Persistence:
Air - The main degradation pathway for toluene in the atmosphere is reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. The estimated atmospheric half life for toluene is about 13 hours. Toluene is also oxidised by reactions with atmospheric nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone, but these are minor degradation pathways. Photolysis is not considered a significant degradative pathway for toluene
Soil - In surface soil, volatilisation to air is an important fate process for toluene. Biodegradation of toluene has been demonstrated in the laboratory to occur with a half life of about 1 hour. In the environment, biodegradation of toluene to carbon dioxide occurs with a typical half life of 1-7 days.
Water - An important fate process for toluene is volatilization, the rate of which depends on the amount of turbulence in the surface water .The volatilisation of toluene from static water has a half life of 1-16 days, whereas from turbulent water the half life is 5-6 hours. Degradation of toluene in surface water occurs primarily by biodegradation with a half life of less than one day under favorable conditions (presence of microorganisms, microbial adaptation, and optimum temperature). Biodegradation also occurs in shallow groundwater and in salt water at a reduced rate). No data are available on anaerobic degradation of toluene in deep ground water conditions where aerobic degradation would be minimal .
Biota - Bioaccumulation in most organisms is limited by the metabolism of toluene into more polar compounds that have greater water solubility and a lower affinity for lipids. Bioaccumulation in the food chain is predicted to be low.
Ecotoxicity:
Toluene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms; several toxicity values are in the range of greater than 1 mg/L and 100 mg/L.
Fish LC50 (96 h): fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 12.6-72 mg/l; Lepomis macrochirus 13-24 mg/l;
guppy (Poecilia reticulata) 28.2-59.3 mg/l; channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 240 mg/l; goldfish (Carassius auratus): 22.8-57.68 mg/l
Crustaceans LC50 (96 h): grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) 9.5 ppm, crab larvae stage (Cancer magister) 28 ppm; shrimp (Crangon franciscorum) 4.3 ppm; daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) 9.5 mg/l
Algae EC50 (24 h): green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) 245 mg/l (growth); (72 h) green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) 12.5 mg/l (growth).

N-BUTYL ACETATE:
» Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):           18
» Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l):  44
» log Kow (Prager 1995):              1.82
» Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):           100- 185
» Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l):  44
» Algae IC50 (72hr.) (mg/l):          280
» log Kow (Sangster 1997):            1.78
» COD:                                78%

» For n-butyl acetate:
Half-life (hr) air  : 144
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water  : 178-27156
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 3.20E-04
BOD 5 if unstated: 0.15-1.02,7%
COD  : 78%
ThOD  : 2.207
BCF  : 4-14
Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: An estimated Koc value of 200 determined from a measured log Kow of 1.78 indicates that n-butyl acetate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of n-butyl acetate is expected from moist soil surfaces given its Henry's Law constant of 2.8x10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilisation from dry soil surfaces is expected based on a measured vapor pressure of 11.5 mm Hg. Using a standard BOD dilution technique and a sewage inoculum, theoretical BODs of 56 % to 86 % were observed during 5-20 day incubation periods, which suggests that n-butyl acetate may biodegrade in soil.
AQUATIC FATE: An estimated Koc value indicates that n-butyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. Butyl acetate is expected to volatilise from water surfaces based on a Henry's Law constant of 2.8x10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 and 127, hours respectively. An estimated BCF value of 10 based on the log Kow, suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Using a filtered sewage seed, 5-day and 20-day theoretical BODs of 58 % and 83 % were measured in freshwater dilution tests; 5-day and 20-day theoretical BODs of 40 % and 61 % were measured in salt water. A 5-day theoretical BOD of 56.8 % and 51.8 % were measured for n-butyl acetate in distilled water and seawater, respectively. Hydrolysis may be an important environmental fate for this compound based upon experimentally determined hydrolysis half-lives of 114 and 11 days at pH 8 and 9 respectively.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, n-butyl acetate, which has a vapour pressure of 11.5 mm Hg at 25 deg C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapour-phase n-butyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4 days
Environmental fate:
Fish LC50 (96 h, 23 C): island silverside (Menidia beryllina) 185 ppm (static bioassay in synthetic seawater, mild aeration applied after 24 h); bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 100 ppm (static bioassay in fresh water, mild aeration applied after 24 h)
Fish EC50 (96 h): fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 18 mg/l (affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death)
Daphnia LC50 (48 h): 44 ppm
Algal LC50 (96 h): Scenedesmus 320 ppm.

HYDROCARBON PROPELLANT:
Marine Pollutant:  Not Determined

» For hydrocarbons:
Environmental fate:
The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals.
Some hydrocarbon will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions (isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process.
Under aerobic conditions hydrocarbons degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while under anaerobic processes they produce water, methane and carbon dioxide.
Alkenes have low log octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of about 1 and estimated bioconcentration factors (BCF) of about 10; aromatics have intermediate values (log Kow values of 2-3 and BCF values of 20-200), while C5 and greater alkanes have fairly high values (log Kow values of about 3-4.5 and BCF values of 100-1,500
The estimated volatilisation half-lives for alkanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) components were predicted as 7 days in ponds, 1.5 days in rivers, and 6 days in lakes. The volatilisation rate of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives were estimated to be slower
Indigenous microbes found in many natural settings (e.g., soils, groundwater, ponds) have been shown to be capable of degrading organic compounds. Unlike other fate processes that disperse contaminants in the environment, biodegradation can eliminate the contaminants without transferring them across media.
The final products of microbial degradation are carbon dioxide, water, and microbial biomass. The rate of hydrocarbon degradation depends on the chemical composition of the product released to the environment as well as site-specific environmental factors. Generally the straight chain hydrocarbons and the aromatics are degraded more readily than the highly branched aliphatic compounds. The n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and the aromatics in the C10-C22 range are the most readily biodegradable; n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics in the C5-C9 range are biodegradable at low concentrations by some microorganisms, but are generally preferentially removed by volatilisation and thus are unavailable in most environments; n-alkanes in the C1-C4 ranges are biodegradable only by a narrow range of specialised hydrocarbon degraders; and n-alkanes, n-alkyl aromatics, and aromatics above C22 are generally not available to degrading microorganisms. Hydrocarbons with condensed ring structures, such as PAHs with four or more rings, have been shown to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. PAHs with only 2 or 3 rings (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene) are more easily biodegraded. In almost all cases, the presence of oxygen is essential for effective biodegradation of oil. The ideal pH range to promote biodegradation is close to neutral (6-8). For most species, the optimal pH is slightly alkaline, that is, greater than 7.
All biological transformations are affected by temperature. Generally, as the temperature increases, biological activity tends to increase up to a temperature where enzyme denaturation occurs.
Atmospheric fate: Alkanes, isoalkanes, and cycloalkanes have half-lives on the order of 1-10 days, whereas alkenes, cycloalkenes, and substituted benzenes have half-lives of 1 day or less. Photochemical oxidation products include aldehydes, hydroxy compounds, nitro compounds, and peroxyacyl nitrates. Alkenes, certain substituted aromatics, and naphthalene are potentially susceptible to direct photolysis.
Ecotoxicity:
Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods.
The values of log Kow for individual hydrocarbons increase with increasing carbon number within homologous series of generic types. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR), relating log Kow values of single hydrocarbons to toxicity, show that water solubility decreases more rapidly with increasing Kow than does the concentration causing effects. This relationship varies somewhat with species of hydrocarbon, but it follows that there is a log Kow limit for hydrocarbons, above which, they will not exhibit acute toxicity; this limit is at a log Kow value of about 4 to 5. It has been confirmed experimentally that for fish and invertebrates, paraffinic hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 10 or higher (log Kow >5) show no acute toxicity and that alkylbenzenes with a carbon number of 14 or greater (log Kow >5) similarly show no acute toxicity. QSAR equations for chronic toxicity also suggest that there should be a point where hydrocarbons with high log Kow values become so insoluble in water that they will not cause chronic toxicity, that is, that there is also a solubility cut-off for chronic toxicity. Thus, paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of greater than 14 (log Kow >7.3) should show no measurable chronic toxicity.
» Drinking Water Standards: hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.).

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

· Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
· Discharge contents of damaged aerosol cans at an approved site.
· Allow small quantities to evaporate.
· DO NOT incinerate or puncture aerosol cans.
· Bury residues and emptied aerosol cans at an approved site.

Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

Labels Required: FLAMMABLE GAS
HAZCHEM: 2YE  (ADG7)

Land Transport UNDG:

Class or division: 2 Subsidiary risk: None
UN No.: 1950 UN packing group: None
Shipping Name:AEROSOLS

Air Transport IATA:

ICAO/IATA Class: 2.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1950 Packing Group: None
Special provisions: A145 A153
Shipping Name: AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE

Maritime Transport IMDG:

IMDG Class: 2.1 IMDG Subrisk: SP63
UN Number: 1950 Packing Group: None
EMS Number: F-D,S-U Special provisions: 63 190 277 327 959
Limited Quantities: See SP277 Marine Pollutant: Not Determined
Shipping Name: AEROSOLS

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

POISONS SCHEDULE: None

REGULATIONS

Regulations for ingredients
0890 180 - Wurth Priming Spray Grey (CAS: None):
No regulations applicable

acetone (CAS: 67-64-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia - Victoria Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Schedule 9: Materials at Major Hazard Facilities (And Their Threshold Quantity) Table 2
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Illicit Drug Reagents/Essential Chemicals - Category III
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    Australia National Pollutant Inventory
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix E (Part 2)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix F (Part 3)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 5
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances
    IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 1: Pure or technically pure products
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
    United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances - Table II
    United Nations List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Under International Control - Table II

propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, alpha-isomer (CAS: 108-65-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements
    International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

ethyl acetate (CAS: 141-78-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    Australia National Pollutant Inventory
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
    International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

isopropanol (CAS: 67-63-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances
    IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 1: Pure or technically pure products
    IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 2: Pollutant only mixtures containing at least 99% by weight of components already assessed by IMO
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

xylene (CAS: 1330-20-7) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (Domestic water supply - organic compounds)
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Domestic water quality
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    Australia National Pollutant Inventory
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix E (Part 2)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix F (Part 3)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix I
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 5
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 6
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
    IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 1: Pure or technically pure products
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
    International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
    WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water

toluene (CAS: 108-88-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (Domestic water supply - organic compounds)
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Pollutants entering waterways taken to cause environmental harm (Aquatic habitat)
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Ecosystem maintenance - Organic chemicals - Non-pesticide anthropogenic organics
    Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Domestic water quality
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Illicit Drug Reagents/Essential Chemicals - Category III
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    Australia National Pollutant Inventory
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix E (Part 2)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix F (Part 3)
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix I
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 5
    Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 6
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
    IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 1: Pure or technically pure products
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
    United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances - Table II
    United Nations List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Under International Control - Table II
    WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water

n-butyl acetate (CAS: 123-86-4) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia - Victoria Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Schedule 9: Materials at Major Hazard Facilities (And Their Threshold Quantity) Table 2
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    GESAMP/EHS Composite List of Hazard Profiles - Hazard evaluation of substances transported by ships
    IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements
    IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
    International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
    United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances - Table II

hydrocarbon propellant (CAS: 68476-85-7) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia Exposure Standards
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
hydrocarbon propellant (CAS: 68476-86-8) is found on the following regulatory lists;
    Australia Hazardous Substances
    Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
    OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

No data available for propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, alpha-isomer as CAS: 84540-57-8.

Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERS

Ingredient Name       CAS
propylene glycol      108- 65- 6, 84540- 57- 8
monomethyl ether
acetate, alpha-
isomer
hydrocarbon           68476- 85- 7, 68476- 86- 8
propellant

 

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GUIDELINES

Ingredient                 ORG                 UF      Endpoint  CR      Adeq
                                                                         TLV
xylene                     1.5 mg/m3           10      D         NA      -
toluene                    9.6 mg/m3           10      D         NA      -
» These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not be 
construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specified 
otherwise.
CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:
TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health:
LOD: Limit of detection
Toxic endpoints have also been identified as:
D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen
Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).

 

» Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.

 

» The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

 

This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

 

Issue Date: 24-Mar-2009

Print Date: 24-Mar-2009

 

 

This is the end of the MSDS.